有机肥对春玉米穗位叶叶肉细胞超微结构的影响  

Effects of Organic Manure on Mesophyll Cell Ultrastructure of Spring Maize Ear Leaf

作　　者：汪仁[1] 邢月华[1] 包红静[1] 隽英华[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第20期200-205,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科技部"科技支撑"项目(2006BAD02A12;2006BAD25B05;2008BADA4B06);加拿大国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目资助

摘　　要：为了揭示有机肥对春玉米早衰的影响机理,采用盆栽方法研究了穗位叶叶肉细胞超微结构的变化。结果表明:在不施有机肥的情况下,叶肉细胞内外膜结构模糊,叶绿体膨胀变大,被膜解体,内含物质向细胞中间扩散,叶绿体向细胞中央漂移,基质片层和基粒片层解体严重,线粒体双层膜不明显,内部结构模糊不清,内脊完全降解。随着有机肥施用量的增加,细胞壁逐渐变厚,叶绿体外形变得规则并向细胞边缘漂移,细胞的"花环型"结构逐渐呈现,线粒体双层膜结构越来越明显,内脊数目增多,片层结构逐渐完整紧密,基粒片层和基质片层逐渐清晰可见,基粒片层变密且沿叶绿体长轴方向规律排列。当有机肥施用量为26.7g/kg土时,叶绿体呈梭形或椭圆形紧贴细胞壁;细胞壁和线粒体结构完整,没有出现松散现象;线粒体双层膜结构清晰,内脊数目众多且清晰可见;片层结构明显好于其他处理。施用有机肥可以保护细胞结构不受破坏,适当增加用量效果更好,起到了防止早衰的作用。By pot experiment,the changes of mesophyll cell μ Ltrastructure of ear leaf were studied to explore the influence mechanism of organic manure on spring maize early senescence. The observations indicated that without organic manure,the inside and outside membrane structure of mesophyll cell became fuzzy,the chloroplast expanded and moved to cell center,the membrane of chloroplast became disintegrated,the disintegration of stroma and grana lamellae became severe,the double-membrane and inside structure of mitochondrial were unobvious and fuzzy,and the inside ridge degraded absolutely. With increasing of organic manure,the cell wall became thick,the shape of chloroplast became regular and moved to cell edge,the garland-type structure of mesophyll cell appeared,the double-membrane structure of mitochondrial became obvious,the number of inside ridge increased,the lamellae structure became integrated and close,the stroma and grana lamellae became visible and the stroma lamellae arranged regularly along long axis of chloroplast. At rate of 26.7 g/kg,the chloroplast with spindle or oval shape clinged on cell wall,the structure of cell wall and mitochondrial was integrated without appearance of loose phenomenon,the double-membrane structure of mitochondrial was visible,the inside ridge was also visible with much number and the lamellae structure was evidently better than that of other treaments. From the above observations it is concluded that organic manure application could protect cell structure from damage,and the effect was much better with increasing rate,which could prevent spring maize from early senescence.

关 键 词：春玉米 有机肥 叶肉细胞 超微结构 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]