风沙区保护性耕作种植冬小麦的生态经济效益研究  

Study on Ecological and Economical Effects of Conservation Tillage Planting Winter Wheat in Sandy Area of Mu Us

作　　者：雷金银[1] 吴发启[2] 李健宏 曹伟鹏[2] 班乃荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,银川750002 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]靖边县农业局,陕西靖边718500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2010年第20期293-298,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业科技成果转化基金(03EFN217100323);林业部科技项目(K313020806)

摘　　要：为了研究保护性耕作对北方风沙区种植冬小麦的影响,对比分析不同耕作措施下土壤物理性状(包括:土壤温度、含水量、容重等)的变化特征及其经济效益。笔者在毛乌素沙地南缘靖边县北部风沙区选用免耕(NT)、覆膜(PM)和翻耕(CT)3种耕作措施,在2003—2007年期间,连续4年进行了冬小麦引种及田间观测试验。试验结果表明:相对于CT,NT和PM在出苗期和越冬期能够提高土壤温度0.35℃和2.27℃,返青期和收获期各措施土壤温度差异不大。NT和PM分别增加土壤含水量16.5%和35.9%。NT在播种前和收获后分别降低了表层土壤容重1%和5%,但是次层20～40cm分别增加了5%和6%,PM增加了表层土壤容重。NT和PM分别提高水分利用率42.1%和78.3%,增加作物产量20.5%和72.2%。NT节省了生产投入,经济效益高于其他2种措施。由此可以看出保护性耕作有利于冬小麦在风沙区越冬,增加作物产量,改善当地种植结构。从而避免冬春季节农田地表裸露,延长地面覆盖时间,减少土壤风蚀。In order to study the effects of conservation tillage on planting winter wheat at north arid-sandy areas,and analyze soil physical properties and economic benefits under different tillage methods. The experiment was conducted using no-tillage（NT）,film-mulching（PM） and conventional tillage（CT） during 2003 to 2007,and soil temperature,soil water content,soil bulk density,crop yield,water use efficiency and economic benefits under different tillage were investigated. The results showed that local place was suitable for planting winter wheat. Compared to CT,NT and PM soil temperature improved 0.35℃ and 2.27℃ ,and increased the water content by16.5% and 35.9%. At surface soil 0-20 cm layer the soil bulk density decreased by 1% in NT before planting and 5% after harvesting. But increased at 20-40 cm. PM also increased the soil surface bulk density. Water use efficiency increased by 42.1% and 78.3% in NT and PM,and by 20.5% and 72.2% for yield. NT reduced the total input,and so it had highest economic benefit. Thus,it was beneficial to implement conservation tillage on winter wheat for avoiding soil surface naked in winter and spring,and improving the local planting configuration.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 冬小麦 产量 经济效益 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]