理论化的实践和实践化的理论：规划中的行动者-关联法概要  

Theorising Practice and Practising Theory:Outlines for an Actor-relational-approach in Planning

作　　者：卢克.伯伦斯 贾丽奇[3] 刘海龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]荷兰乌得勒支大学人文地理和城市与区域规划系 [2]荷兰城市无限(Urban Unlimited)规划咨询公司 [3]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2010年第5期73-87,共15页Urban Planning International

摘　　要：不只在荷兰,还包括其他国家,现代规划与后现代/后结构规划之间,或政府调控型规划与新自由主义规划之间都处于僵持局面。至少是从1980年代起,现代主义者倡导的政府调控型规划彻底暴露出其特点:高度的管制和指令性的操作导致规划过程代价高、弹性差、效率低,并且压制了所有与现行框架体系不符的创新举措。从那时发展起来的后现代和后结构规划,虽然已经可以有效地反击现代规划战略的所谓优点,但在促进有效或可持续的实践上却乏善可陈。本文认为,上述问题的原因在于,这些替代方案仍然都是形成于现有的规划框架之内,带有特定的政府的规划视角或至少是受政府影响的规划视角,其本质上是由内向外的。由此,文章接下来提出了一种基于实践的、由外向内的行动者关联法(actor-relational-approach)的可能方案。这种方法是从具体规划实践中的试验性案例发展而来,例如荷兰林堡南部(Southern Limburg)的案例。同时,它也来源于与行为理论、城市政体理论和行动者网络\网络行动者理论的相互作用,尤其对行动者网络理论给予了深入评价。本文结论部分呼吁对空间规划进行一种新的、根本性而又前瞻性的重组,这种重组是以行动者导向的方式,而不是以政府导向的方式。Not only in the Netherlands, but also elsewhere, there is stalemate between modem and postmodern/post-structural planning, or alternatively, between state-controlled and neo-liberal planning. Since the eighties at least, the modernist, state-controlled planning has been fundamentally debunked as a highly regulatory and prescriptive operation, resulting in syrupy planning processes, which are very costly, inflexible and inefficient, and suppressing all new and creative initiatives that do not fit within the set framework set. Postmodem and post-structural alternatives developed since then have been very effective in counterattacking the alleged virtues of that planning strategy, but less fruitful at promoting effective and/or sustainable practices. The article assumes that this is related to the fact that time and again these altematives continue to be formulated from within the existing planning framework, from a specific governmental, or at least a government influenced, view of planning： in essence from the inside-out. From this position,, the article goes on to describe the possible outlines for a practical outside-inward, actor-relational-approach. It has been developed from experimental case studies in concrete planning practices, for example a case study in Southern Limburg in the Netherlands. Concurrently, it has also been derived from a fundamental interaction with behavioural, urban regime and actor-network / network actor theories, with an extensive evaluation of the latter. The article concludes with a call for a new fundamental, but proactive reassembling of spatial planning in an actor-oriented, as opposed to a government-oriented way.

关 键 词：区域规划 行动者网络理论 关联地理学 联合民主 行为规划 城市政体规划 

分 类 号：TU981[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]