部分山雀科鸟类的DNA条形码与物种识别  

RECOGNIZING SPECIES OF PARIDAE BY DNA BARCODES

作　　者：戴传银[1,2] 张瑞莹[1,2] 尹祚华[1] 雷富民[1] 

机构地区：[1]动物进化与系统学院重点实验室中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《动物分类学报》2010年第4期835-841,共7页Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NSFC30870270);国家杰出青年科学基金(30925008);中国科学院十一五信息化专项(INFO-115-D02;INFO-115-C01-SDB2-02)的资助

摘　　要：近年来,DNA条形码(DNA barcodes)被认为是鸟类物种识别和分类的有效手段。采用遗传距离和构树这两种方法检验了线粒体基因COⅠ片断作为DNA条形码区分包括长尾山雀在内的山雀科鸟类的识别效果。此次实验分析了92条COⅠ序列,其中50条来自GenBank,代表了该科的30个物种。分析结果表明:尽管山雀科鸟类呈现出较大的种内变异,但是该科鸟类的种间遗传距离还是远大于种内的遗传距离。COⅠ条形码可识别出大部分的山雀科物种,同时该条形码还可鉴定出亚种组、亚种、甚至地理种群。然而,对于近期分化和存在杂交的物种,COⅠ难以鉴定出。在此情况下,探索应用核基因条形码或者采用基于碱基属性的鉴定方法则可以弥补这一缺陷。比较古北界、东洋界与新北界(北美)的山雀类发现,古北界和东洋界的山雀具有较大的种内变异且种群内具有较大的遗传分化,推测这很可能和第四纪冰川的影响有关。DNA barcodes have been regarded as a useful tool for identifying birds in recent years.In our study,distance-based and tree-based barcoding were used to test the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the Family Paridae including the species of Aegithalos.92 sequences of 30 species were studied,including 50 sequences from the GenBank.Our results showed that COⅠ gene can identify most Parids because of the existing barcoding gap between inter and intraspecies genetic distances even though some species have large intraspecies distances.Furthermore,COⅠ barcodes can also be used to identify the subspecies groups,subspecies or even geographical populations.However,COⅠ can hardly discriminate some closely related species.In this case,the nuclear gene barcodes or character-based barcoding can facilitate to distinguish them.Comparatively,it is obviously that Parids of Palearctic and Oriental have larger intraspecies variance and deeper genetic structure than Nearctic tits.The Pleistocene glacial cycles may be responsible for these different genetic patterns.

关 键 词：山雀科 COⅠ基因 识别效果 遗传距离 DNA条形码 种群分化 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学] Q959