广东北江和西江水体及水生动物体中氯苯类有机物含量调查  

Investigation of the concentrations of chlorobenzenes in water and aquatic animals collected from Xijiang and Beijiang River

作　　者：谢文平[1] 朱新平[1] 陈昆慈[1] 聂湘平[2] 郑光明[1] 王少冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广州510380 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究所,广州510632

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2010年第5期83-88,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40471118;U0633006);广东省科技厅农业攻关子项目(2005A20105001)

摘　　要：利用气相色谱(GC-ECD)方法对广东省北江及西江河道水体及水生动物受氯苯类(CBs)污染现状进行调查,并对其污染现状及生态影响进行评价。结果表明,西江表层水中CBs的总质量浓度为27.63～122.19ng·L^(-1),平均值为60.02 ng·L^(-1);北江表层水为33.07～169.4 ng·L^(-1),平均值为76.65 ng·L^(-1)。DCBs、TCBs、TeCBs、PeCB和HCB所占比例在西江依次为94.56%、2.53%、0.11%、1.30%、0.13%,北江依次为95.14%、1.26%、0.76%、1.21%、0.72%。干流河段丰水季氯苯质量浓度高于枯水季,河网段没有明显季节变化,不同江段的分布从大到小为北江河网、西江河网、北江干流、西江干流。水生动物体中CBs平均质量比,贝类为4 159.81ng·g^(-1),虾为1342.32ng·g^(-1),鱼类为1524.85 ng·g^(-1)。氯苯类有机物在水生动物体内所占的比例从大到小依次为DCBs、TeCBs、TCBs、PeCB、HCB。CBs在水和生物体之间存在富集和放大作用,河蚬和肉食性鱼类对高氯代苯富集程度高于低氯代苯,同时也高于虾类和其他食性鱼类。The concentrations of chlorobenzenes （CBs） in samples of water and aquatic animals collected from Xijiang and Beijiang River were measured by GC - ECD. Results indicated that the total CBs concentration in water from Xijiang and Beijiang River were in the range of 33.07 ng· L-1 to 169.4 ng· L-1 and 27.63 ng·L-1 to 122.19 ng·L- 1, respectively. Dichlorobenzenes （ DCBs ）, trichlorobenzenes （ TCBs ）, tetraehlorobenzenes （ TeCBs ）, pen- tachlorobenzene （PeCB） and hexachlorobenzenes （HCB） respectively accounted for 94.56%, 2.53%, 0.11%, 1.30% and 0.13% of total CBs in the water of Xijiang River. The same chemical com- pounds respectively accounted for 95.14%, 1.26%, 0.76%, 1.21 % and 0.72% of total CBs in the water of Beijiang River. The distribution of total CBs concentrations in the water of different rivers was found to follow the sequence ： Beijiang tributaries 〉 Xijiang tribu-taries 〉 Beijiang mainstream 〉 Xijiang mainstream. The season varia- tion feature of CBs concentrations in waters was in sequence of high- water season middle-water season 〉 low-water season, which related to the formation, input, removal and transform of CBs in water. The total CBs concentrations of the studied areas were lower than the maximum allowable limit of grade III water according to National Enviranmental Quality Standards for Surface Water （GHZB 121999）. There were different concentrations of CBs in different aquatic animals. The average contents of CBs were 4 159.81 ng·g- 1 in shellfish, 1 524.85 ng· g-l in fish and 1 342.32 ng·g-1 in shrimp respectively, which depend on the diets or their positions in the food chain. Dichloroben- zenes （DCBs） accounted for a greater contribution to the accumula- tion of CBs in aquatic animals, comparing with other congeners of CBs. Significant bioaecumulation and biomagnifieation phenomena were observed in the transference of CBs from water to the aquatic animals.

关 键 词：环境学 氯苯类有机物 西江 北江 水生动物 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]