钢轨材料对滚动接触疲劳影响及高速铁路选轨研究  

Influence of Material on Rail Contact Fatigue Damage and Research on High-speed Rail Selection

作　　者：钟雯[1] 胡家杰[1] 郭俊[1] 刘启跃[1] 周仲荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学摩擦学研究所,成都610031

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2010年第21期100-105,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;2007CB714702);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2009AA04Z424);国家科技支撑计划(2009BAG12A01-B05-1);四川省应用基础基金(2008JY0066);国家自然科学基金(50675183);西南交通大学博士生创新基金资助项目

摘　　要：使用JD-1型轮轨模拟试验机针对淬火和热轧的PD3和U71Mn四种钢轨试样进行模拟试验,采用赫兹接触理论在实验室条件下模拟轮轨试样间的摩擦相互作用过程与现场中的相似。利用机械式光电分析天平通过称重法测量钢轨试样的磨损量,使用光学显微和扫描电子显微镜对钢轨滚轮试样进行微观分析,对高速铁路的钢轨选择提供依据。结果表明,材料硬度越高,磨损量越小,磨损面附近塑性变形层越薄,抗磨损性能越好,但高硬度材料裂纹扩展较深,疲劳损伤严重。硬度略低的材料,磨损量大,磨损面附近塑性变形明显,但由于部分刚萌生的微裂纹被磨去,疲劳损伤较为轻微。高速钢轨损伤主要以疲劳为主,U71Mn热轧钢轨有较好的抗疲劳性能,更适合于高速铁路铺设使用。The rolling tests for four types of railway rails：quenched PD3,hot-rolled PD3,quenched U71Mn and hot-rolled U71Mn are performed using a JD-1 wheel/rail simulation facility with Hertz simulation method,which can ensure the reciprocal contact condition between simulation rail and wheel under experimental conditions approximate to practical contact conditions. Mechanical photoelectric analytical balance is adopted to check wear volume of rail specimens. Optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） are used to perform micro-analysis on rail rolling specimens,providing guidance for rail material choosing of high speed railway. The results indicate that rail material with a higher hardness appears less wear volume and thinner plastic deformation layer after rolling test,however,the crack propagation of which is deeper and fatigue damage is more severe,showing better wear resistance. Meanwhile,rail material with a lower hardness appears more wear volume and thicker plastic deformation layer,but its fatigue damage is slight because of the removal of a part of just-initiated micro cracks. The analysis shows that U71Mn rail with better fatigue resistance is more suitable for the high-speed railway,considering fatigue is the main cause for the damage of high-speed rail.

关 键 词：钢轨 磨损 疲劳裂纹 裂纹扩展 塑性变形 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]