组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化:转录调控的重要机制  

The roles of histone lysine methylation in transcription regulation

作　　者：杨禹丞[1,2] 王琰[2] 徐茂鑫[2] 陈呢喃[2] 徐硕琪[2] 邹珍友[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093 [2]南京农业大学生命科学实验中心,南京210095

出　　处：《生命的化学》2010年第5期688-694,共7页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：南京农业大学生命科学实验中心开放课题基金(680810150);江西省教育基金(GJJ10613)资助

摘　　要：组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要机制之一。组蛋白H3的K4、K9、K27、K36、K79和H4的K20均可被特定的赖氨酸甲基转移酶甲基化。人类、果蝇、酿酒酵母和裂殖酵母中已鉴定出多种赖氨酸甲基转移酶,并作了生化和遗传学研究,以确定其潜在的生物功能。H3K4、H3K36和H3K79甲基化参与基因转录激活,而H3K9、H3K27和H4K20的甲基化则抑制基因转录。此外X染色体失活也与特定赖氨酸的甲基化相关。组蛋白各位点赖氨酸的甲基化参与生长、发育和病变。最后,文章评述了"组蛋白密码"假说,指出了目前的研究方向,并探讨了表观遗传机制与获得性遗传的关系。Histone lysine methylation plays critical roles in epigenetic regulation.There are five lysines in histone H3 （K4,K9,K27,K36,K79） and one lysine in histone H4 （K20）,which can be methylated by specific histone methyltransferase.Many kinds of histone methyltransferase have been identified in human,D.melanogaster,S.cerevisiae and S.pombe and they have been well studied in order to make clear of their potential biological functions.The methylations of H3K4,H3K36 and H3K79 could activate gene expression whereas H3K9,H3K27 and H4K20 restrain the expression,besides,lysines methylation also deactivion X chromosome.Lysines methylation is directly correlations with growth,development and pathological changes of creature.At last,we assessed the histone code hypothesis,discussed the relationship between epigenetics and homotropic inheritance and forecasted the research directions.

关 键 词：表观遗传 组蛋白修饰 组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化 组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]