基于生态位和水质因子的草鱼两种混养模式的比较  

A comparative study on two polyculture modes of grass carp bases on ecological niche and water quality factors

作　　者：赵旭斌[1,2] 郁二蒙[1] 王广军[1] 谢骏[1] 余德光[1] 龚望宝[1] 王海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广州510380 [2]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2010年第11期2187-2191,共5页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-49-13);广东省海洋渔业科技推广项目(A200901D04);国家"863"高技术研发计划项目(2007AA10Z239);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03B0102)

摘　　要：试验通过模拟草鱼2种混养模式("鲮-草模式"为草鱼与鲮混养、"鲫-草模式"为草鱼与鲫鱼混养),引入计算机视觉技术分析了草鱼在2种不同养殖模式下的生态位宽度及生态位重叠,同时测定了水体理化指标及鱼类特定生长率。结果表明:"鲮-草模式"组草鱼的特定生长率为1.524%.d-1,显著高于"鲫-草模式"组草鱼的特定生长率(1.346%.d-1);"鲮-草模式"组水体中的铵态氮、硝酸盐、总氮、总磷、活性磷酸盐浓度高于"鲫-草模式"组,而pH、DO、亚硝酸盐浓度及叶绿素a含量低于"鲫-草模式"组;2混养组中草鱼之间的生态位宽度无明显差异;"鲮-草模式"组草鱼与鲮之间生态位重叠指数为0.5598,"鲫-草模式"组草鱼与鲫鱼之间的生态位重叠指数为0.6478,二模式组比较,差异显著;鲮与草鱼之间的竞争较鲫鱼与草鱼之间的竞争小;试验组中鲮与草鱼混养要优于鲫鱼与草鱼混养。In this study,two polyculture modes of grass carp（i.e.,polyculture of mud carp and grass carp named as ＂mud-grass mode＂ and polyculture of crucian carp and grass carp named as ＂crucian-grass mode＂）were simulated,and the niche width,niche overlap,and specific growth rate of grass carp as well as the physical and chemical indices of water under the two polyculture modes were analyzed.There was no significant difference in the niche width of grass carp between the two modes,but the niche overlap of grass carp was significantly different,with the value being 0.5598 and 0.6478 in ＂mud-grass mode＂ and ＂crucian-grass mode＂,respectively.The specific growth rate of grass carp in mud-grass mode was 1.524% per day,which was much higher than that（1.346% per day）in crucian-grass mode.The water NH＋4-N,NO-3,TN,TP,and reactive phosphate contents in mud-grass mode were higher than those in crucian-grass mode,while the water pH value and DO,NO-2,and chlorophyll-a contents were in adverse.These results suggested that the competition between crucian carp and grass carp was more severe than that of mud carp and grass carp,and mud carp was more suitable for grass carp than crucian carp in the polyculture.

关 键 词：混养模式 草鱼 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 水质 

分 类 号：S965.112[农业科学—水产养殖]