Numerical simulations of the coastal effects of tsunami waves caused by the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki earthquake  

作　　者：潘文亮 王盛安 蔡树群 

机构地区：[1]Laboratory of Tropical Environmental Dynamics(LED),South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences [2]Marine Observation and Research Laboratory(MORL),South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences [3]Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》2010年第5期1029-1039,共11页中国海洋湖沼学报（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX1-YW-12-01);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40576014);Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China (No.2005D33201006)

摘　　要：Generally,tsunami waves become hazardous only when approaching the coast.Studying the runup and inundation of tsunami waves is important for understanding the tsunami evolution and for tsunami hazard assessment.Here,we simulated the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki(HNO) tsunami using a finite-difference model based on nonlinear shallow-water equations.We focused on the runup and inundation of tsunami wave propagation onto coastal area of Okushiri Island near Hokkaido,Japan,and investigate the relationship of different runup heights with the morphology and bathymetry of the seashore.In the simulation,a nested 4-layer grid system and moving boundary technique are adopted to study runup and inundation.The calculated tsunami heights and inundations in the region agreed well with field measurements.The local bathymetric and topographic characteristics had a first-order effect on the runup.Numerical experiments show that the focusing of certain local bathymetric features would amplify both wave height and current velocity remarkably.The results show that computation on dense grids is necessary to reproduce the observed runup heights,and inundation velocity is an important factor preventing tsunami devastation.In addition,we discussed the potential capability of sediment transport to illustrate the impact of tsunami waves on coastal geomorphology.Generally, tsunami waves become hazardous only when approaching the coast. Studying the runup and inundation of tsunami waves is important for understanding the tsunami evolution and for tsunami hazard assessment. Here, we simulated the 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki （HNO） tsunami using a finite-difference model based on nonlinear shallow-water equations. We focused on the runup and inundation of tsunami wave propagation onto coastal area of Okushiri Island near Hokkaido, Japan, and investigate the relationship of different runup heights with the morphology and bathymetry of the seashore. In the simulation, a nested 4-layer grid system and moving boundary technique are adopted to study runup and inundation. The calculated tsunami heights and inundations in the region agreed well with field measurements. The local bathymetric and topographic characteristics had a first-order effect on the runup. Numerical experiments show that the focusing of certain local bathymetric features would amplify both wave height and current velocity remarkably. The results show that computation on dense grids is necessary to reproduce the observed runup heights, and inundation velocity is an important factor preventing tsunami devastation. In addition, we discussed the potential capability of sediment transport to illustrate the impact of tsunami waves on coastal geomorphology.

关 键 词：TSUNAMI coastal effects RUNUP INUNDATION numerical modeling 

分 类 号：P731.25[天文地球—海洋科学] S511.043[农业科学—作物学]