不同类型氮肥和耕作方式对稻田土壤氨挥发的影响  

Effects of N Source and Tillage on NH_3 Volatilization from Paddy Soils

作　　者：曹凑贵[1] 李成芳[1] 寇志奎[1] 杨金花[1] 汪金平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学/农业部华中作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室植物科技学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2010年第5期881-886,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2006BA520A02)

摘　　要：研究不同类型氮肥与耕作方式下稻田土壤氨挥发特征,开展稻田土壤氨挥发损失的田间试验,分析不同类型氮肥与耕作方式对稻田土壤氨挥发速率的季节性变化规律和稻季氨挥发损失量的影响。结果表明,氮肥类型影响着稻田土壤氨挥发,施用猪粪总氨挥发量最大,尿素次之,后依次为复合肥、包膜尿素与新型缓效有机肥(脲肽磷复肥),其中包膜尿素与新型缓效有机肥处理总氨挥发量相当;猪粪、尿素与复合肥处理氨挥发通量的峰值出现在施肥后1～3d;相对于稻田免耕,稻田翻耕显著降低土壤氨挥发,其总氨挥发量是免耕处理的70%,表明稻田免耕降低了水稻对肥料氮的利用率。Agricultural managements affect NH3 volatilization from paddy soils.Thus,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of N sources（swine manure,urea,compound fertilizer,coated urea and slow-release phosphorus peptide fertilizer） and tillage practices（no-tillage and conventional tillage） on NH3 volatilization.Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices as the main plot and N sources as the split-plot treatment.The results indicated that N sources significantly affected NH3 volatilization.Cumulative NH3 volatilizations from swine manure treatments were the greatest,and then followed by urea compound fertilizer coated urea≈ slow-release phosphorus peptide fertilizer.Peaks of NH3 fluxes occurred on 1～3 d after N fertilizer application.Tillage had significant effects on soil NH3 volatilization,where NT significantly increased NH3 volatilization relative to CT and cumulative NH3 volatilizations from NT treatments were 42% higher than those from CT treatments.Therefore,the results showed that NT appeared to be ineffective in reducing N losses from N fertilizer applied to paddy fields,suggesting that methods for reducing fertilizer N loss from NT rice fields should be advocated.

关 键 词：氮肥 缓效肥 耕作措施 稻田 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]