橘园不同施肥方式对N、P、K在土层中分布的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application Methods on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Contents in Soil Layers

作　　者：彭良志[1,2] 凌丽俐[1,2] 淳长品[1,2] 江才伦[1] 曹立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院柑橘研究所,重庆400712 [2]国家柑橘工程技术研究中心,重庆400712

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2010年第5期956-961,共6页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD47B04)

摘　　要：以栽培枳砧纽荷尔脐橙的渗漏池内红壤和紫色土为对象,研究尿素和磷酸二氢钾撒施、沟施和浇施后,0～50cm土层中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量变化。结果表明,尿素无论采用何种施肥方式,氮在红壤和紫色土中容易向下迁移;磷酸二氢钾无论采用何种施肥方式,磷在红壤中都极易被固定,各土层中的速效磷含量很低,对土壤速效磷的提高几乎未起作用,而在紫色土中磷的固定作用较弱,撒施后可显著提高土层中速效磷含量,土壤上层的速效磷含量显著高于下层;施用磷酸二氢钾使红壤和紫色土中速效钾含量升高,总体上土壤上层速效钾含量高于土壤下层。另外,还对柑橘园的适宜施肥方法进行讨论。Red soil and purple soil in leakage cement pools planted with Newhall navel orange（Citrus sinensis Osbeck） trees on trifoliate orange[Poncirus trifoliata（L.） ]rootstock were used to study the effects of fertilizer application methods,including broadcast-application,furrow-application and fertigation,on increasing the concentrations of nitrogen,available phosphorus（AP） and available potassium in 0-50 cm soil layers.When urea was applied by the three application methods,the available nitrogen moved downwards easily in soils.With KH2PO4 applied to red soil by the three application methods,the P element was strongly fixed by red soil and the AP concentrations in soil were very low,which had almost no effect on increasing soil AP concentration.However,when KH2PO4 was applied to purple soil by broadcast-application,the soil fixation of P element was not strong and the AP concentrations in 0-50 cm purple soil layers increased significantly with the characteristics of high AP concentrations in upper soil layers and low AP concentrations in lower soil layers.Soil application of KH2PO4 increased available potassium concentrations in the two soils,and the distribution of available potassium concentrations were generally higher in upper soil layers.The suitable fertilizer application method in citrus orchard is discussed,too.

关 键 词：施肥方法 红壤 紫色土 碱解氮 速效磷 速效钾 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学]