氮肥基追比对高产冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Ratio of Base Fertilizer and Topdressing on Uptake,Utilization of Nitrogen and Yield in Winter Wheat

作　　者：张许[1] 王宜伦[1] 韩燕来[1] 谭金芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《华北农学报》2010年第5期193-197,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：中国-国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目(NMBF-HenanAU-2008);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B07)

摘　　要：为确定高产冬小麦生产过程中氮肥的合理施用时期及比例,实现氮肥资源高效利用。采用田间试验方法,研究了豫北超高产田总施氮量240kg/hm2条件下,不同氮肥运筹模式对冬小麦产量、地上部氮素吸收与积累及氮素效率的影响。结果表明,同一施氮量下,与氮肥全部基施处理相比,氮肥分次施用可增加冬小麦产量、氮素积累量,提高氮素回收率、农学效率、吸收效率和收获指数,降低土壤氮素依存率,其中N3处理最佳。冬小麦返青期前对氮的积累量约占总积累量的9.4%～11.2%,返青期后对氮的需求量大,返青至灌浆期可吸收氮素63.3%～66.6%,灌浆期后可吸收氮素23.5%～25.9%;N3处理植株各生育阶段氮积累量较高。氮肥1/3底施+1/3返青期追施+1/3拔节期追施是本试验条件下兼顾小麦产量及氮素效率的最佳运筹方式。The objectives of this study were to determine the reasonable nitrogen applying regimes for profitable yields and high efficient nitrogen utilization in high yield winter wheat production. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application at different stages and rates on grain yield,nitrogen accumulate and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat in north Henan super high yield field with the total pure N 240 kg /ha. The results showed that compared with the total nitrogen fertilizer basal dressing,grain yield of winter wheat,the amount of nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen recovery rate,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen harvest index of nitrogen fertilizer were increased with mult-application of nitrogen fertilizer at the same amount of nitrogen, but soil nitrogen dependence rate was decreased. Percentage of nitrogen accumulation in winter wheat plants until greening stage to total nitrogen accumulation in whole growth stage was 9. 4%-11. 2% . After greening stage winter wheat demanded more nitrogen,nitrogen absorbed by plant from greening to filling stage and after filling stage accounted for 63. 3%-66. 6% and 23. 5%-25. 9% ,respectively. Under the condition of this experiment,as far as grain yield,nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and the amount of nitrogen accumulation in plant were concerned,1 /3 nitrogen fertilizer basal dressing,1 /3 nitrogen fertilizer top dressing at greening stage and 1 /3 nitrogen fertilizer top dressing at jointing stage was the best nitrogen application model.

关 键 词：冬小麦 产量 氮肥回收率 氮素吸收效率 氮素收获指数 土壤氮素依存率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S365[农业科学—农业基础科学]