河南太行山自然保护区猕猴夜宿地选择研究  

Sleeping Site Selection by Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta tcheliensis) in Taihangshan National Nature Reserve,Henan Province

作　　者：郭相保[1] 王振龙[1] 田军东[1] 路纪琪[1] 刘金栋 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生物工程系,郑州450001 [2]国有济源市愚公林场,河南济源454693

出　　处：《四川动物》2010年第6期849-856,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.30770381);郑州大学引进人才科研基金

摘　　要：2009年3～7月,在太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区所辖的天坛山管理区（112°12′～112°22′E,35°05′～35°15′N）,通过野外跟踪调查及样方调查法,研究了太行山猕猴Macaca mulatta tcheliensis一个种群的夜宿地选择.共发现猕猴的夜宿地18个,同时设置18个对照样地.在夜宿地和对照样地中,分别测定了15种生境因子,并进行了主成分分析.结果 表明,太行山猕猴的夜宿地多选择在山坡（15/18）和山脊（3/18）（χ2=8.00,df=1,P=0.005）,不选择沟地;位于山坡上的夜宿地均处于上坡位（11/18）和中坡位（7/18）,而回避下坡位.对夜宿地和对照样地的生境因子进行t检验发现,太行山猕猴偏好选择有一定坡度、乔木密度较大和乔木层盖度较高、隐敞度较高的地片作为夜宿地,而对夜宿地中的灌木层盖度和草本层盖度则未表现出选择倾向（P〉0.05）,其夜林栖树主要为生境内胸径超过20cm的阔叶树,栖处高度通常在10 m左右.对夜宿地生境特征的主成分分析显示：前5个主成分的特征值均大于1,具累积贡献率达到77.78%,可以较好地反映猕猴的夜宿地特征;影响太行山猕猴夜宿地选择的主要因素依次为乔木密度、隐蔽度、坡度和气候因素.Abstract：By using tracking observation and sampling, sleeping site selection of Taihangshan macaques （Macaca mulatta tcheliensis） was determined in the Tiantanshan station （ 112° 12′ - 112°22＇ E, 35°05′ - 35° 15′N） within Taihangshan National Nature Reserve, Jiyuan, Henan province, China. Eighteen sleeping sites were found and 18 control sites were recor- ded. Fifteen ecological factors were measured in the sleeping sites and control sites. SPSS for Windows and Principal Component Analysis （PCA） were employed in data analysis. The results showed that： most of the sleeping sites were seated on a hillside （ 15/18 ）, the others were located in a ridge （ 3/18 ）, （X2 = 8.00, df = 1, P = O. 005 ）, and all hillside sleeping sites occupied the up position （11/18） and middle position （7/18） , while none was in the down position. Macaques preferred sleeping sites with a slope degree of 37.89° ± 1.49° （ t = 4. 877, P 〈 0. 001 ）, treedensity of 6.33± 0.69 （ ind. / 100m2） （t= 4. 468, P〈0.001）, canopy cover of 70.56% ±1.85% （t =3.293, P=0.004）, and concealment of 38.61 m ± 4.98 m（ t=- 2. 887, P = 0. 010）. Macaques preferred roosting trees that were over 20 cm in diameter at breast height（DBH） , and the roosting places were usually 10 m in height, but there was no significant preference on shIub and herb coverage within sleeping sites. Sleeping site selection of Taihangshan macaques, based on PCA results, was significantly associated with tree density, conceahnent, slope degree, and weather.

关 键 词：太行山猕猴 夜宿地 夜宿行为 太行山 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]