北京紫竹院公园鸟类群落多样性分析  

Investigations on Diversity of Birds at the Black Bamboo Park in Beijing

作　　者：郭铁英[1] 杨均炜 曲媛媛[1] 陈卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048 [2]福建省泉州实验中学,福建泉州362000

出　　处：《四川动物》2010年第6期975-980,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：北京市科委重大项目(D08040600580803)

摘　　要：2004年9月～2005年6月在北京紫竹院公园进行鸟类群落调查.共记录到鸟类52种,隶属于11目26科.其中夏候鸟17种,冬候鸟4种,旅鸟28种,留鸟13种.鸟类的种类和数量随季节变化有明显差异.春、秋季鸟类种类丰富,秋季达到最高;冬季鸟类数量达到最高.优势种有灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、麻雀Passer montanus、喜鹊Pica pica、厌喜鹊Cyanopica cyana、绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos、鸳鸯Aix galericulata等.鸟类群落多样性指数和均匀度指数变化趋势类似,春、秋季高,冬季低,而优势度指数的变化是冬季最高,春、秋季低.鸟类多样性增加主要是由于春、秋季的候鸟迁徙.保证一定的公园面积、增加空间异质性、合理配置资源,有利于保护鸟类的多样性.Diversity of birds was surveyed at the Black Bamboo Park in Beijing during September 2004 to June 2005. A total of 52 species of birds were recorded, belonging to 11 orders and 26 families. There were 17 species of summer breed- ers, 4 winter visitors and 28 species travelers among 38 migratory species, and the remaining 13 species were residents. Species and number of birds varied with the seasonal changes. A wide variety of birds appeared in spring and autumn, and the highest in autunm. The greatest number of birds occurred in winter. Dominant species were starlings （ Sturnu~ cinera- ceus ） , sparrows （ Passer montanus ）, magpies （ Pica pica ）, azure-winged magpies （ Cyanopica cyana ）, mallards （Anas platyrhynchos） , and mandarin ducks （Aix galericulata）. The diversity index trend of the bird community was similar with the evenness index. Both were high in spring and autumn and low in winter, while the dominance index was the highest in winter and lowest in spring and autumn. The increase of bird diversity was primarily due to migration in spring and autumn. Increasing the area and heterogeneity of the park and rational allocation of resources will facilitate the preservation of bird di- versity in the Black Bamboo Park.

关 键 词：鸟类群落 多样性指数 北京 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]