医院感染现患率动态调查的流行病学分析  

Epidemiological Analysis for Dynamic Prevalence Survey of Nosocomial Infection Rate

作　　者：罗晋卿 蔡永林[1] 陈幼华[1] 杨英[1] 梁艳芳[1] 宁金沛 李婉娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]梧州市红十字会医院感染管理科,广西梧州543002

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2010年第22期3470-3472,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的了解医院感染现患率及其动态变化以及流行病学分布。方法 2008年1-12月每月下旬进行1次全院性的现患率调查,并对12次的调查结果进行流行病学统计分析。结果医院平均现患感染率和例次感染率分别为3.89%(95%CI为3.48%～4.30%)和4.19%(95%CI为3.76%～4.62%),明显高于回顾性调查医院感染率,5-9月份的现患率连续落在此可信区间内;有季节性的改变,不同时段医院感染现患率有所差异;感染部位分布前5位为呼吸系统、泌尿系统、口腔、血液、手术切口;科室分布前5位依次为ICU、内科、外科、肿瘤科、儿科;患者医院感染的易感因素为男性、≥60岁、侵入性操作及有基础疾病,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论医院感染现患率可以代替费时、费力、易漏报的医院感染率监测,并能为医院感染的质量控制和目标性监测提供科学依据,现患率调查选择5-9月份进行较为合适。OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection （NI） and its dynamic changes, as well as the epidemiological distributions in our hospital. METHODS From Jan to Dec 2008, hospital-wide prevalence survey was carried out monthly in late. Statistical analysis of epidemiology was made to those 12 survey results. RESULTS The average prevalence rate of NI and case prevalence rate, which were significantly higher than those of retrospective survey （P〈0. 01）, were 3.89% （95% Confidence Interval = 3. 48%-4. 30%） and 4.19% （95% Confidence Interval=3.76%-4.62%）, respectively. The prevalence rates were continuously in the range of 95% Confidence Interval from May to September, and varied from different seasons. The top five sites of NI were respiratory system, urinary system, oral cavity, blood and surgical incision. The top five departments in sequence were ICU, medical department, surgical department, department of oneology, and pediatrics department. The susceptibility factors of NI for inpatients were male, age ≥60 years, invasive procedures and basic diseases （P〈0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence survey of NI rate is an easy, rapid and effieient method compared to the traditional monitoring of NI, and can offer the evidence of quality control and target surveillance of NI. It is suitable to perform a prevalence survey in May to September.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 动态调查 流行病学分析 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]