氮锌配施对石灰性土壤锌形态及肥效的影响  

EFFECTS OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF NITROGEN AND ZINC ON ZINC FRACTIONS AND FERTILIZER EFFICIENCY IN CALCAREOUS SOIL

作　　者：陆欣春[1] 田霄鸿[1] 杨习文[1] 买文选[1,2] 保琼莉[1,3] 赵爱青[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部黄土高原农业资源与环境修复重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《土壤学报》2010年第6期1202-1213,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-06-0866);国家自然科学基金项目(40971179;31071863)

摘　　要：通过分析石灰性土壤上施用锌肥后土壤中锌的形态变化,研究锌肥的有效性及后效,为指导合理施用锌肥提供理论依据。结果表明在潜在性缺锌的石灰性土壤施锌肥没有明显的增产效果,可增加小麦籽粒锌含量,但不同基因型反应差异很大;土壤中的锌主要以矿物态存在,占全锌91.5%-97.6%,其次为松结有机态锌（1.34%-5.53%）、碳酸盐结合态锌（0.47%-1.55%）;施入土壤中的锌增加了交换态、松结有机态、碳酸盐结合态、氧化锰结合态锌含量,但大部分转化为矿物态;种植小麦可以使土壤中的锌向有效态转化;施氮增加了小麦对锌的吸收,也增加了锌矿化的比例;主成分分析结果表明,交换态、松结有机态和碳酸盐结合态均能不同程度反映土壤锌的有效性,石灰性土壤中碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态锌含量占有较为可观的比例,因此增加这两种形态储备容量是调节和控制土壤锌营养状况的重要措施。Variation of soil zinc in form in calcareous soil,a potentially zinc-deficient soil,was analyzed after application of zinc fertilizer in the soil with a view to investigating availability and aftereffect of Zn fertilizer.Results show that wheat did not improve much its yield,but did Zn concentration in grains;and the effect varied from genotype to genotype.In the soil Zn appeared mainly in the following forms;mineral Zn accounting for 91.5%-97.6% of total Zn,organic-matter-loosely-bonded Zn for 1.34%-5.53% and carbonate-bonded Zn for 0.47%-1.55%.Application of Zn fertilizer increased various fractions of Zn in the soil,such as exchangeable Zn,organic-matter-loosely-bonded Zn,and carbonate-bonded Zn and the manganese oxides bounded Zn,and most of the applied zinc transformed into mineral form.Wheat plantation helped Zn in the soil turn into available form.Application of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced Zn uptake by wheat,and expanded the fraction of mineral Zn.Principal component analysis reveals that the fractions of exchangeable Zn,organic-matter-loosely-bonded Zn,and carbonate-bonded Zn are to some extent indicators of Zn availability.In calcareous soil carbonate-bounded Zn and organic-matter-loosely-bonded Zn account make up a considerable portion of total Zn.Therefore,to enlarge the pools of the two fractions of Zn is key to management of soil Zn nutrient in calcareous soil.

关 键 词：石灰性土壤 氮锌配施 土壤锌形态 土壤锌有效性 锌肥后效 

分 类 号：S143.72[农业科学—肥料学] Q945.12[农业科学—农业基础科学]