话题和焦点在分裂句中的韵律编码方式及其对感知的影响  

Prosodic encoding of topic and focus and its influence on speech perception in split sentences of Chinese Putonghua

作　　者：王蓓[1] Caroline Fery 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学少数民族语言研究所,北京100081 [2]Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main Germany

出　　处：《声学学报》2010年第6期694-700,共7页Acta Acustica

基　　金：德国DFG项目(SFB632);国家自然科学基金(60905062);教育部中央民族大学“211”(MY0116)资助项目

摘　　要：前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:"书,我买了三本。"这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和时长没有差别;(2)两种信息结构对基干部分有不同的韵律调节作用。前置名词为焦点时压低了基干部分的音高,而前置名词为话题时基干部分的音高为渐降。由此可见,话题的语调调节范围是自身,而焦点是全句;(3)前置名词和基干部分间的停顿在焦点条件下长于话题条件。22人对分裂句问答匹配度的判断结果表明,两种信息结构的不同韵律编码方式是有感知意义的。The present study is an investigation of the prosodic encoding of split noun sentences in Putonghua,for instance,＇shu,wo mai le san ben（Book,I have bought three）.＇ in which the split noun is to highlight the corresponding information.The question and answer paradigm was used to induce contexts where the split noun was either topic or focus of the sentence.The speech production results of 280 split sentences read by 7 speakers show that：（1） In the two conditions,the split noun itself does not differ in either FO or duration,（2） Compared to the intonational contours of the focus context,those of the topic context have higher maximum FO in the base parts and shorter silence after the split noun.The prosodic domain of topic is within itself,whereas that of focus is the whole sentence.The perception experiment shows that the difference of prosody between the two conditions is perceivable,as matched question and statement is preferred.

关 键 词：编码方式 焦点 分裂 韵律 感知 信息结构 声学分析 调节作用 

分 类 号：H04[语言文字—语言学]