微咸水入渗水量对土壤水盐运移特征的影响  

Effect on Characteristics of Soil Water and Salt Movement about Saline Water Infiltration with Different Infiltration Amount

作　　者：吴忠东[1] 王全九[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,淄博255048 [2]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2010年第11期67-71,78,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50879067);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KSCX2-YW-N-003)

摘　　要：通过室内3 g/L微咸水的入渗试验,分析了不同微咸水入渗水量对土壤剖面含水率、含盐量、脱盐效率和阳离子分布的影响。结果表明,利用3 g/L的微咸水进行垂直一维积水入渗,入渗水量较小时,基质势是水分运动的主要动力,入渗量继续增大时,重力势逐渐取代基质势成为水分运动的主要动力;采用3 g/L的微咸水入渗,可以使上层土壤脱盐,但使湿润锋处的含盐量急剧增加且达到最大值;湿润锋处含盐量与入渗水量符合指数函数关系,主根区的脱盐效率随着累积入渗量的增加而减小。在利用微咸水进行农田灌溉时,一方面要考虑盐分的淋洗效果,另一方面要兼顾脱盐效率,才能使土壤可持续利用。For the sake of rational exploitation and utilization of shallow layer underground saline water,through laboratory infiltration experiment in Nanpi Ecological Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Science,soil moisture content,salinity,desalting efficiency and cation distribution were analyzed with saline water of 3 g/L.Its purpose was to study the soil infiltration characteristics irrigated with saline water in North China.The results showed that under the vertical one-dimensional ponding infiltration with saline water of 3 g/L,matric potential was the main driving force of water movement when the infiltration amount was comparatively small;gravity potential gradually replaced the matric potential to become major driving force for water movement when infiltration amount became lager;upper soil would be desalted and soil salt content would increase to reach maximum infiltrated with saline water of 3 g/L;relationship between soil salt content in wetting front and infiltration amount according with the exponential function,desalting efficiency of active rooting zone negatively correlated with cumulative infiltration.In short,with saline water was used in farm irrigation,both the effect of salt leaching and the desalting efficiency must be considered to make soil used sustainably.

关 键 词：微咸水 含水率 含盐量 脱盐效率 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]