前列腺癌根治术中盆腔淋巴结清扫的意义及并发症防治  

Pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer： clinical significance and management of complications

作　　者：肖文军[1] 叶定伟[1] 姚旭东[1] 张世林[1] 戴波[1] 张海梁[1] 沈益君[1] 朱耀[1] 朱一平[1] 施国海[1] 马春光[1] 秦晓健[1] 林国文[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属肿瘤医院泌尿外科复旦大学上海医学院肿瘤学系,上海200032

出　　处：《中华泌尿外科杂志》2010年第11期770-773,共4页Chinese Journal of Urology

摘　　要：目的 探讨前列腺癌根治术中盆腔淋巴结清扫的意义及并发症的防治措施. 方法 对239例接受前列腺癌根治性切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.患者平均年龄68（48～79）岁.Gleason评分〉7者87例,占36.8%;PSA〉20 ng/ml者117例,占48.9%.满足上述其中一项的高危患者148例,占61.9%.患者术前均诊断为临床局限性前列腺癌,术中盆腔淋巴结清扫范围包括双侧闭孔及髂外静脉旁淋巴结.淋巴结阳性患者术后均予全雄阻断内分泌治疗并随访其生化复发时间.结果双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫术平均手术时间20（15～35）min,平均出血量20（5～45）ml.术中未发生重要血管及神经损伤.清扫淋巴结数目1～23枚,中位数为7枚.术后中位住院天数16 d.清扫术后引流管拔除时间4～36 d,中位数为7 d.术后留置引流管〈8 d者178例,占74.5%;〉14 d、延长术后住院时间者20例,占9.4%.盆腔淋巴结阳性29例,阳性率12.1%;阳性淋巴结中位数1枚.与盆腔淋巴结清扫相关的术后早期并发症主要有下肢深静脉血栓、淋巴囊肿、淋巴漏、盆腔感染等.淋巴结阳性患者中位无进展生存期为10个月. 结论 盆腔淋巴结清扫可以检出难以发现的淋巴结转移,有助于对前列腺癌进行准确分期,不显著延长手术时间.随着术者技术的提高及手术方法的改进,并发症发生率会逐渐下降.Objective To discuss the application of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical prostatectomy.Methods The data of 239 patients with prostate cancer which had been done radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed,with the patients＇median age of 68 （48-79） years.148 patients（61.9%） had either a Gleason score of〉7 or a PSA of〉20 ng/ml.All patients were diagnosed as clinical localized prostate cancer preoperatively.The extent of pelvic lymph node dissection included bilateral obturator fossa and region of the external iliac artery.Patients with positive lymph nodes were advised to receive maximal androgen blockade therapy and were followed up until biochemical recurrence.Results It took an average operation time of 20（15-35）min with the average blood loss of 20（5-45） ml for bilateral lymphadenectomy. There was no injury of big vessels and nerves. The total number of lymph node dissected was 1-23 with a median of 7.The median postoperative hospital stay was 16 days.The time of drainage was 4-36 days with a median of 7 days.74.5%（178 cases）of patients had drainage less than 8 days and 9.4%（20 cases）patients were more than 14 days. Positive nodes were found in 29 cases with the positive rate of 12.1%. The median number of positive lymph nodes was 1.Early postoperative complications related to pelvic lymphadenectomy included deep venous thrombosis,lymphocele,lymph leakage,pelvic infection. Patients with positive lymph nodes had a median progression free time of 10 months.Conclusions Pelvic lymph node dissection could detect lymph node metastasis which might be difficult to find through other means. It could facilitate the accurate staging of prostate cancer and bring potential benefits to patients. It does not significantly prolong the operation time and the incidence of complications should decrease gradually with the improvement of the surgeons＇experience and surgical techniques.

关 键 词：前列腺肿瘤 癌 盆腔淋巴结清扫 前列腺根治性切除术 并发症 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]