中国艾滋病防治的人类学研究——性工作者艾滋病防治知识的KAP调查  

Anthropological Study on AIDS Prevention in China:A KAP Survey of the SWs

作　　者：兰林友[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第6期57-66,共10页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2008年国家艾滋病防治社会动员经费项目;2009年第六轮中国全球基金艾滋病项目经费支持

摘　　要：从对低档场所性工作者的艾滋病防治知识、态度与行为(即KAP)的人类学研究发现,第一,某些特定人群仍然缺乏艾滋病防治知识,其高危行为并没有实质性改变,艾滋病防治知识传播依然有提升空间。第二,某些特定人群缺少艾滋病防治知识的主要原因有行为干预覆盖面窄、目标人群流动性大、教育程度低以及宣传材料没有体现文化敏感性等。第三,高危行为难以改变的原因之一是经验主义的卫生实践与性实践,认知风险以及客人和亲人的分类性实践。因此,就艾滋病防治知识的有效输送途径而言,我们建议除了加强医生或医务人员的权威性宣讲之外,还应强化同伴工作的有效性,增加社会学问卷调查。Based on the intensive interviews and datas gained through questionnaire investigations,this paper penetrates deeply from the anthropological perspective into the knowledge of the AIDS prevention and the attitude to the practice of the SWs in low-end places.It shows：firstly,some specific groups of people still lack the knowledge of AIDS prevention,and the SWs have not changed their high-risk behaviors substantially,that is to say,there is still more space to spread the knowledge of AIDS prevention;secondly,the main reasons why some specific groups are still have poor knowledge about AIDS prevention are the coverage of behavioral intervention is so limited,the fluidity of the target people is high,the education degree is low and the cultural sensitivity is not reflected by the publicity,etc.;thirdly,one of the reasons why it is difficult for the SWs to change their high-risk behaviors is that the SWs have weak recognition of risks to take their experientalist sexual and health practice as granted as well as their sexual practice in different categories between clients and partners（they take their practice in health and sex and in the classification of guests and relatives,empirically and cognitively in risk.） Therefore,as far as the effective way of conveying the knowledge of AIDS prevention is concerned,we suggest that the efficiency of peer work should be reinforced and questionnaire investigations in sociology should be increased in addition to strengthen the authoritative advocacy by doctors and medical workers.

关 键 词：艾滋病防治 KAP调查 高危行为 性工作者 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]