基于RS和GIS的鄱阳湖天然湿地边界确定及季节变化分析  

Identification of Wetland Boundaries of Poyang Lake and Analysis of Seasonal Change Based on Remote Sensing and GIS technology

作　　者：刘影[1] 范娜[1] 于秀波[2] 夏少霞[2,3] 齐述华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330022 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《资源科学》2010年第11期2239-2245,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划):"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"(编号:2009CB421106);国家自然科学基金(编号:40801169);国家科技支撑计划:"国家生态恢复重建的综合监测评估关键技术研发"(编号:2006BAC08B05)

摘　　要：鄱阳湖星子站1951年-2008年57年长系列记录的7月份平均水位(该月水位一般为一年内最高月平均水位)为17.69m(吴淞高程),选取与该水位最接近的洪水期ETM影像为底图,并结合鄱阳湖的圩堤分布图,确定鄱阳湖天然湿地的范围;在此基础上采用决策树分类方法分别对代表逐月状况的12幅TM/ETM遥感影像进行解译,将鄱阳湖天然湿地分类为:水体、泥滩、草洲和沙滩四类;最后以ArcGIS为技术平台对12幅影像的解译结果进行分析。结果表明:鄱阳湖天然湿地总面积为3635.52km2;除1月份外其余各月份水体面积均大于其它三个类型,且与水位值呈显著的正相关关系,沙滩面积最小且与水位值呈显著的负相关关系,草洲和泥滩面积与水位值均呈负相关关系,但显著性较低;各湿地类型在年内均呈现出动态变化的特点,泥滩年内面积变化的最大,水体和草洲次之,沙滩最小,但沙滩的变化率较其它各类型高,且秋冬季湿地类型间的动态变化强度明显高于春夏季。The average water level in July,which is generally considered the highest mean monthly water level in a year,recorded by the time series of hydrological data in Xingzi of Poyang Lake during the period 1951-2008 was found to be 17.69 m with reference to the Wusong altitude. In this work,a scene of Landsat ETM＋imagery acquired on July 30 in 2003 when water level was roughly 17.69m was interpreted in detail.Boundaries of natural wetlands in Poyang Lake were subsequently delineated on the basis of GIS technology.There were 12 Landsat ETM＋/TM imageries in total,which represented monthly status of natural wetlands in Poyang Lake.Four types of wetlands were identified,i.e.,water surface,mudflats,grassland,and bakeshore.The area of all types of wetlands and the transfer matrix of adjacent months between various wetland types were calculated using the GIS-based statistical functionality.Results showed that the area of natural wetlands in Poyang Lake was 3635.52 km^2.Water surface was the major type of wetland in Poyang Lake,whereas in winter the area of mudflats and grassland which is one of the most important global habitats for migratory birds accounted for about 2/3 of the wetlands.The wetland status can successfully be detected by satellite imagery classification,providing variations in the natural wetlands in a timely and accurate manner.This provides meaningful information on protection of wintering migratory birds,as well as an important basis for researches in the area of wetland ecosystem services.Water surface＇s area,which showed significant positive correlation with the water level,was largest among the four types in a year except January.In summer,its maximum area was about 3356 km^2,almost occupying the entire wetlands.The area of lakeshore was found to be smallest,with a maximum value of slightly larger than 200 km^2.It showed negative correlation with the water level.The area of mudflats and grassland changed greatly in a year,highly depending on the water lever.In winter,their areas reached a maximum

关 键 词：湿地 遥感 GIS 鄱阳湖 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P237[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] P931.7