对虾养殖前期5种类型水体中细菌的组成和比较研究  

Analysis and Comparison on Components of Bacteria in Five Types of Shrimp-Feeding Water in Prophase of Feeding

作　　者：周凯[1] 来琦芳[1] 罗璋[2] 王慧[1] 么宗利[1] 徐赟霞[2] 应成琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所盐碱池渔业工程技术研究中心,上海200090 [2]天津市水产养殖病害防治中心,天津300221

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第11期39-44,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家级公益性科研院所基础科研基金项目(2007Z03);国家公益性行业专项(200903001)资助

摘　　要：本文对天津和河北沧州地区的5种类型养虾水体(淡水、盐碱地水、浅层盐碱水、海水、高盐海水)养殖前期的细菌数量及组成进行比较研究。结果为:(1)5种水体中异养细菌、弧菌、氨化细菌、反硝化细菌、硫酸还原菌数量差异明显,异养细菌总数高低的顺序为:海水>高盐海水>浅层盐碱水>盐碱地水>淡水;弧菌总数:高盐海水>海水>浅层盐碱水>盐碱地水>淡水;氨化细菌总数:海水>浅层盐碱水>盐碱地水>淡水>高盐海水;反硝化细菌总数:盐碱地水>淡水>海水>浅层盐碱水>高盐海水;硫酸还原菌总数:浅层盐碱水=淡水>海水>盐碱地水>高盐海水。(2)不同水体中细菌种类及相对数量存在差异,淡水中气单胞菌属、邻单胞菌属、肠杆菌科为主要菌群,分别占总数的21.34%,18.57%,17.14%;盐碱地水中产碱菌属、弧菌属、肠杆菌科、棒杆菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的29.27%,19.51%,14.63%,14.63%;浅层盐碱水中弧菌属、气单胞菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的23.08%,15.38%;海水中弧菌属、肠杆菌科为主要菌群,分别占总数的19.35%,16.13%;高盐海水中弧菌属、假单胞菌属为主要菌群,分别占总数的38.71%,12.90%。研究表明,养殖前期,5种类型养虾群体中的细菌组成结构存在明显差异。The components of bacteria in five different shrimp-feeding water including fresh water,saline-alkaline water,marine water,high salinity marine water and earth-seeping water were investigated in Tianjin and Cangzhou district of Hebei province.The results showed that there was an obvious difference in bacteria amount among the five types of shrimp-feeding water in terms of nutrition-depending bacteria,vibrion,ammonifying bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria.The amount of nutrition-depending bacteria was as follows：marine waterhigh salinity marine waterearth-seeping water saline-alkaline waterfresh water.The amount of Vibrio was high salinity marine water marine waterearth-seeping watersaline-alkaline waterfresh water.The amount of ammonifying bacteria was marine waterearth-seeping watersaline-alkaline waterfresh waterhigh salinity marine water.The amount of denitrifying bacteria was earth-seeping water=fresh watermarine watersaline-alkaline waterhigh salinity marine water.On the other hand,Aeromonas,Plesiomonas,Enterobacteriaceae were the mainly species in the fresh water,and the ratio of them was 21.34%,18.57%and 17.14% respectively;Alcaligenes,Vibrio,Enterobacteriacea and Corynebacteriumwere the mainly species in saline-alkaline water,the ratio of them was 29.27%,19.51%,14.63% and 14.63% respectively;Vibrio？？ Aeromonas were the mainly species in the earth-seeping water,the ratio of them was 23.08% and 15.38% respectively;Vibrio and Enterobacteriacea were the mainly species in marine water,the ratio of them was 19.35%,16.13%respectively;Vibrio and Pseudomonas were the mainly species in the high salinity marine water,the ratio of them was 38.71% and 12.90% respectively.

关 键 词：养虾水体 养殖前期 细菌组成 细菌数量 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]