花样游泳比赛强度及运动员机能状态变化分析  

Study on Intensity of Competition and the Changes of Physical Functional Condition of Synchronized Swimming Athletes

作　　者：徐建方[1,2] 冯连世[2] 路瑛丽[2] 张漓[2] 宗丕芳[2] 汪洁 郑嘉 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438 [2]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [3]国家花样游泳队,北京100763

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2010年第6期69-72,共4页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：目的:通过对参加十一运会预赛的花样游泳运动员进行测试,以了解重大比赛前后运动员机能变化情况和比赛强度。方法:对77名参加花样游泳双人和集体项目比赛的运动员进行血乳酸测试,分别在赛前和赛后的清晨,对国家队运动员进行静脉采血,测试红细胞、血红蛋白(Hb)、血球压积、白细胞、血尿素以及血清肌酸激酶(CK)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇,探讨比赛前后机能状态变化情况。结果:1)参赛运动员在比赛前后的机能状态整体变化不明显。血清CK显著下降(P<0.01);血清T赛后有一定下降,且参赛前后均低于以往值。2)集体项目技术自选和自由自选比赛后运动员比赛后运动员血乳酸最高值达到10.19±0.35mmol/L和11.76±1.21 mmol/L,最低值为4.62±0.79 mmol/L和5.54±1.11 mmol/L,平均值为6.98±1.97 mmol/L和7.60±1.78 mmol/L。3)双人项目技术自选和自由自选比赛后运动员血乳酸最高值达到11.19 mmol/L和12.09 mmol/L,最低值为6.86 mmol/L和5.97mmol/L,平均值为8.27 mmol/L和9.11 mmol/L。结论:1)一次重大比赛对花样游泳运动员的机能状态影响不明显;2)花样游泳集体和双人项目比赛强度可达到耐乳酸训练强度;3)花样游泳双人项目对运动员的体能要求更高。This paper is aimed to ascertain the intensity of the preliminary match of the 11th National Games and the variation of athletes＇ physical functional condition after the competition,to supply the reference for the national team.We had taken the finger blood samples of 77 athletes and tested the lactate by the YSI-1500 after competition,and tested the red blood cell,white blood cell,hemoglobin,Hematocrit,creatine kinase,blood urea,testosterone and cortisol for the national athletes by vein blood samples.The result shows that the athletes＇ physical functional condition remains stable after the game,except for the decrease of creatine kinase.The highest blood lactate for athletes of team technical is up to 10.19±0.35 mmol/L,11.76±1.21 mmol/L,while the lowest is down to 4.62±0.79 mmol/L,5.54±1.11 mmol/L,and the average value is 6.98±1.97,7.60±1.78 mmol/L.It is also found that the highest blood lactate for athletes of duet technical and free is up to 11.19mmol/L and 12.09 mmol/L,while the lowest is down to 6.86mmol/L and 5.97mmol/L,the average value is 8.27,9.11 mmol/L.It concludes that there is no obvious change in athletes＇ physical functional conditions after the game,the intensity of duet is higher than that of team,and reach to the category of ＂lactate endurance training＂.

关 键 词：花样游泳 血乳酸 比赛强度 

分 类 号：G861.18[文化科学—体育训练]