戊戌时期的学术与政治——以康有为“两考”引发的不同反响为中心  

Scholarship and Politics during the Reform of 1898:Focusing on the Differing Responses to Kang Youwei's Two Books

作　　者：贾小叶[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所 [2]湖南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2010年第6期65-79,共15页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：《新学伪经考》与《孔子改制考》被后人视为康有为推行其维新变法的理论基础,而时人则目之为"康学"。但同为"康学"的重要组成部分,"两考"问世后所引发的反响却不尽相同。前者因问世较早,且没有涉及太多"孔子改制"等微言大义,故时人的评论基本上是从学术研究的角度提出的;而后者因其鲜明的"改制"主旨,时人的评价也由学术转向政治。反对康有为变法者,因政见与康有为不同而对其学术大加攻击;支持康有为变法者,因政见与康有为一致而宽容、理解其学术,这其中所透露出的是戊戌时期学术与政治的复杂关系。The Forged Classics and Confucius as a Reformer are regarded by later generations as the theoretical underpinnings of Kang Youwei's reforms,and were called 'Kang Learning' by contemporaries. However,as important parts of 'Kang Learning,' the responses aroused by the two books were quite different. Contemporary commentary on The Forged Classics was on the whole made from a scholarly point of view,because it was published first and contained few sublime and profound phrases such as 'Confucian Reform.' However contemporary commentary on Confucius as a Reformer shifted from scholarship to politics,because the book was obviously aimed at 'systemic reform.' Because their political views were different from Kang Youwei's,the people who opposed Kang's reforms severely attacked his scholarly works. On the other hand,people who supported Kang's reforms tolerated and understood his scholarly works,because their political views were the same as Kang's. This shows the complicated relationship between politics and scholarship.

关 键 词：《新学伪经考》 《孔子改制考》 学术与政治 戊戌变法 康有为 

分 类 号：K256.5[历史地理—历史学]