心血管病介入操作时患者受照剂量估算  

Estimating the radiation dose of patient in cardiovascular disease interventional procedures

作　　者：孔令海[1] 张良安[1] 姜恩海[1] 张文艺[1] 丁艳秋[1] 苑淑渝[1] 戴光复[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院放射医学研究所天津市分子核医学重点实验室,300192

出　　处：《国际放射医学核医学杂志》2010年第3期183-185,F0003,共4页International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine

摘　　要：放射诊疗新技术给人类带来了巨大的利益，放射性介入操作是其中最具代表性的一类新技术。然而在放射胜介入操作的过程中，患者受照剂量在医用X射线诊断和治疗中是最高的，其剂量可能大到能引起皮肤和眼晶体辐射损伤，而且其防护也是目前职业辐射防护中最困难的。目前有60％左右的介入术是在心血管病的治疗中开展，心血管病介入操作时患者的辐射防护问题已引起了国内外广泛的重视，并开展了较为广泛的研究。大量的研究结果表明，心血管病放射性介入操作可能给患者造成值得重视的高剂量辐射。但是许多研究都是集中在表面剂量，这个量对评估患者的风险是远远不够的。在外照射情况下，当人体受穿透力强的辐射（X射线、γ射线、中子）照射一定剂量时，可造成深部组织和器官损伤，因此在研究表面剂量的同时，研究深部组织和器官的剂量也是至关重要的。由于放射性介入操作可能引起肿瘤和遗传这类随机性效应损伤，因此需要估算其有效剂量。Nuclear and radiation technology have a breakthrough development in the application of medical clinics. Some new radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy technologies have brought tremendous interest for human. Radiological intervention is the most representative of this type of radiation therapy technology. Large doses can cause possible skin and eye lens radiation damage, and is one of the most difficult occupational radiation protection. Because about 60 percent of surgical intervention is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the issue of radiation protection of patients in cardiovascular interventional has aroused widely attention both at home and abroad and carried out more extensive research. A large number of studies have shown that, cardiovascular intervention may cause high exposure doses to the patients that should be paid more attention. Surface dose is not enough to evaluate how much risk the patients suffering. When the human body suffer strongly penetrating power of radiation （X ray, γ ray, neutron） and the dose achieve a certain quantity, deep tissue and organ damage will happen. So when studying the surface dose, it is important to research the dose of the tissues and organs. Radiation intervention can result in stochastic effects such as oncology and genetic damage, therefore it is necessary to estimate the effective dose.

关 键 词：心血管疾病 放射摄影术 介入性 辐射监测 辐射剂量 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]