丰水梨不同施氮量对果实品质形成及叶片生理特性的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on fruit quality and leaf physiological metabolism of Hosui pear

作　　者：陈磊[1] 伍涛[1] 张绍铃[1] 姚改芳[1] 陶书田[1] 贾兵[1] 苗永春[2] 曹慧莲[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学梨工程技术研究中心,南京210095 [2]江苏省睢宁县林牧渔业局,江苏睢宁221200

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第6期871-876,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家公益性行业科技专项(3-38)

摘　　要：研究不同施氮量对丰水梨果实品质形成及叶片生理特征的影响,结果表明,丰水梨果实发育过程中以积累果糖和蔗糖为主,葡萄糖和山梨醇含量较低;适量施氮能提高果实可溶性总糖的含量,而过量施氮降低果糖和葡萄糖含量,从而降低可溶性糖总糖含量;适量施氮可提高叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量以及可溶性蛋白质含量,叶片光合指标净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)下降,有利于叶片光合碳同化能力的增强和果实品质的形成;黄河故道地区沙土栽培的盛果期丰水梨园,果实膨大期纯氮施用量以每666.7m216.8kg为宜。Different levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied in Hosui pear orchard at the stage of fruit expansion to study their effect on fruit quality and leaf physiological metabolism. Results showed that fructose was the predominant composition in total soluble sugar, followed by sucrose and glucose, while sorbitol was the poorest; the content of total soluble sugar was increased when proper quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was applied. In contrast, lower content of total soluble sugar resulted from the decrease of fructose and glucose was observed when nitrogen was excessive. Moreover, proper application of nitrogen increased the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and soluble protein.. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn） , transpiration rate （Tr） , stomatal conductance （Gs） and stomatal limitation value （Ls） were increased significantly, and the intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） in leaves were decreased,, which could enhance the ability of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase the fruit quality. It was recommanded that 16.8 kg per 666.7 m2 pure nitrogen at the stage of fruit expansion was proper for Hosui pear cuhivated in the old course of Yellow River.

关 键 词：丰水梨 氮 果实品质 生理特性 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]