水分胁迫对葡萄日灼病发生及相关指标的影响  

Effect of water stress on grape berry sunburn and related factors

作　　者：蒯传化[1] 刘三军[1] 于巧丽[1] 孙桂香[2] 刘崇怀[1] 高登涛[1] 吴国良[3] 杨朝选[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009 [2]石河子农业科技开发研究中心,新疆石河子832000 [3]河南农业大学园艺学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第6期902-907,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：农业行业科研专项(NYHYZX07-27);国家科技支撑项目(2008BAD92B04);河南省重点攻关项目(092102110066)

摘　　要：以9a生红地球葡萄为试材,在晴天无风的环境下,探讨了土壤水分充足、中等干旱、重干旱3种不同土壤水分条件对葡萄日灼病及相关指标的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量越低,其气孔导度越低,土壤温度、叶片温度、果面温度越高,日灼病越严重。土层越深,地温日最大值出现的时间越晚、3个处理间地温差值也越小。重干旱处理的气孔导度峰值出现在8:00时,较其他2个处理前移1h,3种处理均在12:00-16:00时出现低谷。土壤水分状况对叶片温度变化有重要影响,土壤水分含量偏高时,叶片温度日最大值出现的时间相对较晚。3个处理间叶片温度日最大值的差值明显大于果面温度的差值。增加土壤水分对降低葡萄日灼病发生作用明显。Nine-year-old Red globe was used to study the effect of soil moisture on fruit sunburn and related factors. The experiment was conducted under three conditions： no watering within 80 days, 10 days after watering, and 3 days after watering, which resulted in severe, medium and non soil water stress. It was found that as the soil water content decreased, the soil, the leaf and fruit surface temperature were all increased significantly, while the leaf stoma conductance was lower and the berry sunburn was more severe. Soil water content had great influence on the soil temperature. The differences of temperature on the soil surface among treatments were much greater, and they got smaller as the soil depth increased. The peak of leaf stoma conductance on severe water stressed trees occured at 8：00, which was 1 h earlier than that of other two treatments, but all treatments had a trough on the variation curve during 12：00-16：00. When the soil water was sufficient, not only the leaf surface temperature was much lower, but the peak was also delayed. The same trend was also found on the fruit surface temperature, and the differences of the highest temperature on fruit surface among treatments were obviously smaller than that observed on leaf. The results indicated that watering had an important role in decreasing grape berry sunburn.

关 键 词：葡萄 水分胁迫 土壤温度 气孔导度 叶片温度 果面温度 日灼病 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]