文字与国家:近代简体字运动的兴起及其社会纷争  

The Rise of Modern Simplified Chinese Characters Movement and the Relative Social Dispute

作　　者：崔明海[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学政法学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《史学集刊》2010年第6期66-75,115,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：钱玄同是近代简体字运动最重要的倡导者,但这一观念的缘起应置于清末以来汉字拼音化改革的时代思潮中加以考察。作为拼音化之外的汉字改革的过渡,近代简体字运动的兴起,是改革者在面对拼音文字难以推行于世的社会现实面前,所做出的一种变通之举。至1935年前后,南京国民政府在知识界的支持与运动下颁布简体字表,承认其在书写体上的合法地位,并试图利用国家权力强制推行简体字。但另一方面,时人因立场和认知的歧异,对于简体字在文化和教育上的功用聚讼不一,难下定论。汉字改革是泥于古,还是合于今?推行简体字是便于民,还是害于国?在那个多种思想竞逐的时代,简体字运动及其争论凸现出近世中国语文改革中错综复杂的学人心态和社会世相。Qian Xuantong（钱玄同） was one of the most important advocates in the modern simplified character movement,however the movement originated from the alphabetization reform on Chinese character in late Qing Dynasty.The rise of campaign for simplified character was an alternative to alphabetic writing which was hard to carry out.Around 1935,Nanjing National Government adopted and promulgated the simplified character table with the support of intelligentsia.The government acknowledged the legal status of simplified Chinese character in handwriting and attempted to utilize state power to put them into practice.On the other hand,because of the different standpoint and the cognition,there are some different opinions regarding the function of the simplified character in culture and education.It is very difficult for the intellectual elite to draw the conclusion that whether the simplified Chinese character benefits the masses or do harm to the country？ In that era of a variety of competing ideas,the simplified character movement and the dispute over it highlight the complex relationship between the intellectual elite of different factions,the government and the society in modern Chinese language reform.

关 键 词：简体字 南京国民政府 知识界 

分 类 号：H124[语言文字—汉语]