两种赤眼蜂过寄生及其对过寄生适应能力的比较  

Comparison of Superparasitism and Suitability to Superparasitism between Trichogramma ostriniae and T. dendrolimi

作　　者：张延峰[1] 宋琼婷[1] 张帆[2] 李元喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物病虫害监测与防控重点开放实验室,南京210095 [2]北京市农林科学院植保环保所,北京100097

出　　处：《中国生物防治》2010年第4期377-384,共8页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30871671);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划基金(2006BAD08A02;2008BADA5B06)

摘　　要：室内以米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵为寄主研究了玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae和松毛虫赤眼蜂T. dendrolimi过寄生及其对子蜂大小和性比的影响。结果发现,在蜂卵1∶3的接蜂比例下,两种蜂均有过寄生发生,其中松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生2次的比例达到45.5%,显著高于其它寄生次数发生的比例。寄生次数显著影响羽化卵率及羽化蜂的雌性比,蜂种、寄生次数/单卵出蜂数均显著影响羽化蜂的体长。单卵羽化出1头蜂的体长显著大于单卵羽化出2头或3头蜂的体长;单卵羽化2头或3头时,松毛虫赤眼蜂体长显著大于对应羽化蜂数的玉米螟赤眼蜂体长。当单卵育出1头蜂时,两种蜂对应性别体长不存在显著差异,但同时羽化出雌雄蜂时,松毛虫赤眼蜂的雌雄蜂体长(雌蜂0.43mm,雄蜂0.38mm)显著大于单卵育出的玉米螟赤眼蜂雌蜂对应性别蜂的体长(雌蜂0.38mm,雄蜂0.35mm)。这些结果表明,与松毛虫赤眼蜂相比,玉米螟赤眼蜂雌蜂对过寄生的适应能力较弱,且其子代雌蜂发育受过寄生的影响较大。The effects of superparasitism on the body size and sex ratio of offsprings of Trichogramma ostriniae and T.dendrolimi were examined by using eggs of Corcyra cephalonica as host in the laboratory.Results indicated that the superparasitism occurred in the two Trichogramma species,and 45.5% of host eggs were oviposited twice,which was significantly higher than the percentage of other oviposition times on one host in T.dendrolimi when host eggs were exposed to wasps at a ratio of one wasp to three host eggs.Oviposition times on one host egg significantly affected the percentage of host with emerged wasps and the sex ratio of offspring.Trichogramma species and oviposition times or number of wasp emerged per host significantly affected the body size of offspring.The body size of wasp from host with only one wasp emerged was significantly larger than that of wasp from host with two or three wasps emerged,and the body size of T.dendrolimi wasps from host with two or three wasps emerged was significantly larger than that of T.ostriniae wasps at the same number of emerged wasp per host.There were no significant differences in body size of female/male wasp from host with one wasp emerged between the two Trichogramma species,whereas the body size of T.dendrolimi wasps（female： 0.43 mm;Male： 0.38 mm） was significantly larger than that of correspondent wasps of T.ostriniae（female： 0.38 mm;male： 0.35 mm） when there were both sexes emerged from a host.The female ratio of T.ostriniae offspring was significantly linear correlated with the oviposition times,whereas it was not for T.dendrolimi.These results indicate T.ostriniae is less adaptable to superparasitism than T.dendrolimi,and superparasitism exerts a more pronounced negative effect on offspring in T.ostriniae than in T.dendrolimi.

关 键 词：过寄生 玉米螟赤眼蜂 松毛虫赤眼蜂 适应性 

分 类 号：S476.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]