近50年来塔里木河干流水量、水质及耗水分析  

Analysis on Runoff Volumes,Water Quality and Water Consumption of the Tarim River in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：苟树生 张雄文[1] 王彦国[1] 龚伟华[1] 王亚俊[2] 邓茂芝[3] 毛炜峄[4] 王顺德[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [4]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2010年第6期861-870,共10页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(2007CB411507)资助

摘　　要：近53年来阿拉尔站以上3条源流出山口天然径流量呈增加趋势,由178.0×108m3增至207.6×108m3,净增29.6×108m3;3条源流年代际区间耗水量由128.5×108m3增至171.1×108m3,净增42.6×108m3;入塔里木河水量由50.0×108m3减至38.0×108m3,净减少12.0×108m3。历史上塔里木河最大耗水区在中游,多年平均耗水量24.8×108m3。从20世纪60年代至今的近40年,上游中、下段河床处于淤积状况,总淤积厚度130cm,平均年淤积3.6cm。从2001年至今上游段已成为塔里木河干流最大的耗水区,上游段耗水量占阿拉尔站年径流量的50%增加到80%,导致下游水量减少,环境恶化。塔里木河上游段高矿化度农田洗盐压碱水是干流水质恶化的根本原因,污染源主要集中在肖夹克至英巴扎的上游河段,尤其是阿拉尔站附近东西长60km,南北宽20km。现有8条排(退)水渠,其中有6条排水渠严重超标,矿化度4710～13100mg/L,是盐碱土规定标准2000mg/L的2.4～6.6倍。位于渭干河的新沙总排干,矿化度5820mg/L,严重超标,是盐碱土规定标准的2.9倍。The total annual natural runoff volume of the three headstreams of the Tarim River upstream from Aral Hydrological Station was increased from 1. 78 × 1010 m3 to 2. 08 × 1010 m3 and increased by 2. 96 × 109 m3 in recent 53 years; the annual water consumption of the three headstreams was increased from 1. 29 × 1010 m3 to 1. 71 × 1010 m3 and increased by 4. 26 × 109 m3; the annual inflow of the Tarim River from the headstreams was reduced from 5. 00 × 109 m3 to 3. 80 × 109 m3 and reduced by 1. 20 × 109 m3. As a result of this,the ecology and environment of the Tarim River Basin were degenerated. Historically,the maximum water consumption occurred in the middle reaches of the Tarim River,and the average annual water consumption was 2. 48 × 109 m3. The analyzed results reveal that the riverbed in the middle and lower sections of the upper reaches has been filled up since the 1960s,the total filled-up thickness is 130 cm,with an average annual filled-up thickness of 3. 6 cm. The upper reaches of the ma-instream has become a river section with the maximum water consumption since 2001,and the proportion of water consumption in the annual runoff volume at Aral Hydrological Station is increased from 50% to 80%. Thus,the runoff volume to the lower reaches is reduced,and the ecology and environment are degenerated. Stream water of the Tarim River is mainly polluted by drained water from the desalinization of soil by leaching in the upper reaches.

关 键 词：径流量 水质 耗水量 河床淤积 盐碱土 塔里木河干流 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]