白洋淀流域典型村落非点源与地表径流污染负荷分析  

Investigation on Non-point Sources Pollution of a Typical Village and Pollution Loads of the Runoff in Baiyang Lake Watershed

作　　者：孙添伟[1] 陈家军[1] 史震天[1] 王浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第30期16991-16993,17042,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-007)

摘　　要：[目的]考察白洋淀流域典型村落非点源污染的特征。[方法]走访调查典型村落生活污水、固体废物的排放,并且监测分析其中的污染物和营养元素的含量;对降雨径流的水量、水质进行同步监测。[结果]该典型村畜禽粪便的排放造成的非点源污染远超过生活污水和生活垃圾的总和,其TOC年排放量为37794kg、TN为4102.9kg、TP为1923.7kg;降雨径流中COD、TN和TP的次降雨平均浓度(EMC)分别为44.5、78.8、1.3mg/L,年污染负荷分别为7.6、13.4、0.2kg/hm2,占标准农田造成的COD年污染负荷的5.1%,占坡耕地TN与TP的4.5%和0.49%。[结论]该研究揭示了村落非点源污染的最大源头是畜禽养殖,明确了非点源的年污染负荷。[ Objective ] The study aimed to investigate the characteristic of non-point sources pollutian of a typical village in watershed of Baiyang Lake. [ Method] Through investigation and monitoring, the discharge of village sewage and village solid wastes were obtained. Also, pollu- tants and nutritive elements in them were analyzed. Furthermore, through monitored simultaneously, the data of water quantity and water qual- ity of the runoff was obtained. [ Result ] Pollution caused by livestock manure was far more serious than those by village sewage and rural gar- bage, as the annual generations of TOC, TN and TP were 37 794, 4 102.9, 1 923.7 kg, respectively. Event Mean Concentrations（EMC） of COD, TN and TP in the runoff were 44.5, 78.8, 1.3 rag/L, respectively and the annual loads of them were 7.6, 13.4, 0.2 kg/hm2. The caused annual load of COD was 5.1% of that within standard farmland, while the caused annual loads of tin and rip were 4.5% and 0.49% of those within the sloping cropland. [ Conclusion] Livestock manure pollution was the main reason for the non-point sources pollution and the annual pollution loads by runoff of this typical village were estimated.

关 键 词：村落 非点源污染 次降雨平均浓度 年污染负荷 

分 类 号：P334.4[天文地球—水文科学]