股骨头的力学测定:实验与方法  

Mechanical determination of the femoral head:Experiments and methods

作　　者：阮文东[1] 雪原[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院骨科,天津市300052

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2010年第43期8113-8116,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：背景:了解松质骨的力学特性是骨重建、骨再造研究以及人工关节假体设计的重要前提。以往对松质骨压缩强度与弹性模量的认识远远不够,近年来对松质骨扭转、拉伸、剪切、冲击等力学性质的研究发展迅速,并应用于对股骨头生物力学的研究,从而对股骨头坏死的原因、病理及治疗起指导作用。目的:复习相关文献,对股骨头生物力学研究的各种方法进展、意义及特点进行综述。方法:由第一作者检索1990/2009 PubMed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)有关股骨头生物力学的实验,英文检索词为"bone biomechanics,Mechanical testing of femoral head,biomechanics of hip,femoral head necrosis",中文检索词为"骨生物力学,股骨头力学测试,髋关节生物力学,股骨头坏死"。检索文献量总计107篇,排除重复性研究,阅读标题和摘要进行初筛,共保留其中的32篇归纳总结。结果与结论:通过总结发现近年来对股骨头生物力学性质的认识发展迅速,方法从宏观逐渐扩展到到微观。虽然对股骨头力学测试的方法有了一定的了解,为进一步股骨头坏死的生物力学因素研究奠定了基础,但要完全了解股骨头生物力学性质,探究并证实股骨头生物力学环境改变对股骨头坏死发生的影响,仍需进一步的创新理论与研究方法。BACKGROUND：Understanding of mechanical properties of cancellous bone is the important for the study of bone remodeling and bone reconstruction as well as joint prosthesis design.The knowledge about compressive strength and elasticity modulus of spongy bone is not sufficient.Recently,studies on reverse,stretching,cutting,striking and other mechanical properties of cancellous bone have been conducted,and the achievements have been applied to the biomechanical study of femoral head,and thus help the finding of causes,pathology and treatment of femoral head necrosis.OBJECTIVE：To review related references and summarize the approaches,development,significance and characteristics of the biomechanics of femoral head.METHDOS：The first author searches the databases of 1990/2009 PubMed（http：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed） and Wanfang（http：//www.wanfangdata.com.cn） for the articles on biomechanics of the femoral head with the key words ＂bone biomechanics,mechanical testing of femoral head,biomechanics of hip and femoral head necrosis＂ in English and Chinese.A total of 107 articles were collected.After eliminating repeated studies and preliminary screening by titles and abstracts,32 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The knowledge of biomechanical properties of femoral head has been developed promptly in recent years,and the research approaches have expended from macroscopic to microscopic.Various approaches of mechanical testing of femoral head have been explored,which lays a foundation for the further study of biomechanical factors of femoral head necrosis.However,to completely know the biomechanical properties of femoral head,explore and verify the influence of the changes of biomechanical environment of femoral head on the occurrence of femoral head necrosis,further innovation of theories and research approaches are required.

关 键 词：骨生物力学 股骨头 力学测试 骨材料力学 蠕变 股骨头负重区 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]