氧化铝真空碳热还原—氯化法炼铝的工艺研究  

Aluminum Production by Alumina Carbothermic Reduction-Chlorination in Vacuum

作　　者：袁海滨[1,2] 朱富龙[1,2] 杨斌[1] 郁青春[1] 徐宝强[1] 戴永年[1] 

机构地区：[1]真空冶金国家工程实验室云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室,昆明650093 [2]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2010年第6期582-587,共6页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：NSFC-云南联合基金重点资助项目(No.u0837604);973计划前期研究专项资助项目(No.2007CB616908)

摘　　要：本文采用金属铝直收率、物料失重率、X射线衍射与扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等手段与方法，研究了真空条件下氧化铝碳热还原温度、氯化铝升华速率、物料配比、碳热与氯化时间以及添加剂对氧化铝碳热还原-氯化法炼铝工艺的影响。研究结果表明，在50～100Pa时，碳热还原及氯化温度不高于1763K，控制无水氯化铝升华速率在0．32g／min以下，石墨还原剂与氧化铝摩尔比为3：1，碳热还原时间为40min，碳热-氯化时间为40—50min，物料不熔融、氯化铝升华孔不堵塞将有利于碳热-氯化过程的顺利进行。在1713—1723K时，石墨与氧化铝摩尔比为4：1，添加10．0％Fe2O3后，金属铝直收率达72．09％；1753—1763K时，添加2．5％-15．0％SiO2后，金属铝直收率与物料失重率均明显低于不添加者，对该法炼铝过程不利；1753～1763K时，石墨与氧化铝摩尔比为4：1，添加10．0％TiO2后，金属铝直收率达82．38％，该金属铝的纯度达94．67％以上。此研究为真空碳热-氯化法从铝土矿中提取金属铝工艺提供了很好的实验依据。Aluminum was produced by alumina carbotherrnic reduction-chlorination in vacuum. The impacts of the experimental conditions, including the temperature of alumina carbothennic reduction, sublimation rate of anhydmus- AlCl3, molar ratio of the reagents, carbothermic and chlorination times, and additive species, on the Al production were experimentally studied. The direct Al collection rate and reagent loss rate were evaluated. The micmstructures of Al obtained was characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the vacuum melting conditions of Al, optimized in this study, were feasible for industrial production. Moreover, under the optimized conditions, the influence of various additives, such as Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2, on the rates of direct Al collection and reagent loss were tentatively evaluated. For example, addition of 10.0% Fe2O3 or TiO2 with a 4： 1 molar ratio of C and Al2O3 at 1713 - 1763 K resulted in Al collection rates of 72.9 %, and 82.38 %, respectively.

关 键 词：氧化铝 铝 碳热还原 氯化 真空冶金 

分 类 号：TF131[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TF821