底栖动物与水生栖息地面积耦合机制研究  

Study on Coupling Mechanism of Benthonic Animal and Area of Aquatic Habitat

作　　者：田世民[1] 王兆印[2,3] 徐梦珍[2,3] 张康[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [3]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《人民黄河》2010年第11期19-20,22,共3页Yellow River

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAB04A08);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50779027)

摘　　要：底栖动物对河流的生态状况反应比较敏感、迅速,当河流水生态发生变化时,底栖动物能够首先感受到这种变化,并在短时间内作出反应。从水生栖息地面积着手,通过采集、鉴定、分析南水北调西线调水区底栖动物样本,研究底栖动物生物多样性与水生栖息地面积之间的耦合作用机制,并分析了调水对底栖动物的影响。结果表明:底栖动物与水生栖息地面积之间存在着密切的关系,其物种数随着水面面积的增加而增加,并趋于稳定;当水面面积减小至原水面面积的45%时,底栖动物物种数开始减少,但减少速度缓慢;当水面面积继续减小至原水面面积的10%时,底栖动物物种数开始急剧下降;为保持底栖动物生态系统的稳定性,调水不应使坝址下游水面面积减小至原水面面积的45%以下。The reaction of benthonic animal to the ecological conditions of river is sensitive and quick.When water ecology of river changes,benthonic animal can firstly feel and react in a short time.The paper studies the biodiversity of benthonic animal and coupling mechanism between the areas of aquatic habitat and analyzes the influence of diversion to the benthonic animal starting with the area of aquatic habitat and through collection,identification and analysis on the samples of benthonic animal of the diversion area of South North Water Transfer Project.The outcomes show that a） there is close relationship between benthonic animal and the area of aquatic habitat.The quantity of species increases as the increase of water surface area and heads for stability;b） when water surface area reduces to 45% of the original water surface area,the quantity of species starts to reduce slowly;c） when water surface area continuously reduces to 10% of the original water surface area,the quantity of species starts to reduce rapidly and;d） in order to keep the stability of ecosystem of benthonic animal,the reduction of water surface area at the downstream of dam-site should not be less than 45% of the original water surface area during diversion.

关 键 词：河流生态 底栖动物 生物多样性 水生栖息地 水面面积 南水北调 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]