我国村镇生活垃圾处理现状与技术路线探讨  

Present Situation and Technical Treatment Route of Rural Domestic Waste Treatment in China

作　　者：何品晶[1] 张春燕[1] 杨娜[1] 章骅[1] 吕凡[1] 邵立明[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,固体废物处理与资源化研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第11期2049-2054,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAJ08B13);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07101-006)

摘　　要：通过实地调研和文献综述,概括了我国村镇生活垃圾的产生与处理现状,重点根据村镇生活垃圾处理成本和技术进展,讨论了我国村镇生活垃圾处理的适用技术路线。目前,我国村镇两级居住社区的人均生活垃圾产生量,分别为0.5~1.0kg·（人·d）-1和0.4~0.9kg·（人·d）-1,产生量与地域经济发展水平正相关;垃圾主要组分为易腐有机垃圾,可回收废品的比例较低。我国的村镇生活垃圾处理水平同样与地域经济水平正相关,发达地区采用的集中式处理模式,有利于终端处理的规模效益和无害化,但运输成本高达总成本的50%左右;而在分类收集的前提下,易腐有机垃圾就地处理可实现减量化、无害化和资源化。基于我国村镇垃圾组成的特点,提出了＂分类分散处理与集中处置结合＂的技术路线,可在村镇就地处理与利用60%~80%的垃圾量,有效削减处理总成本并提高无害化水平。推进村镇生活垃圾处理技术的规范化,推广全过程专业化运营模式,加强垃圾处理过程物流管理等,是促进我国村镇生活垃圾处理规范化发展的关键措施。Based on literature and field survey,the status quo of rural domestic waste（RDW）production and treatment in China was investigated.Based on treatment cost and technology development for RDW,the feasible RDW management strategies were discussed.The results showed that,the current production rates of RDW in residential areas of villages and towns were 0.5～1.0 kg.（capita.d）-1 and 0.4～0.9 kg.（capita.d）-1 respectively,which were positively correlated with the local economic level.The dominant component in RDW was putrescible organic waste,and the ratio of recyclable wastes was relatively low.A positive correlation was also found between the RDW treatment level and local economic development.In relatively developed regions,centralized management strategies were usually adopted,by which the final treatment and disposal could achieve economies of scale,but the high transportation cost could reach to 50% of the total cost.With source separation,the in-situ treatment of putrescible organic waste could realize source reduction,sanitary treatment and resource recovery.Based on the characteristic RDW composition,a technical strategy ＂sorting and distributed treatment combined with centralized treatment＂was proposed in this study,by which 60%～80% of RDW could be processed in situ,thus effectively decreasing the total management cost and enhancing the treatment level.To promote regulated development of RDW management,the key measures included propelling the standardization of key RDW treatment technologies,the wide application of professional integrated RDW management,and strengthening waste flow control.

关 键 词：村镇生活垃圾 技术路线 分类收集 处理成本 二次污染 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]