海南岛三大流域农业土壤源污染物流失特征研究  

Characteristics of Agricultural Soil Pollutant Loss in Three Major Rivers of Hainan,China

作　　者：宋玉梅[1] 周石池[1] 王瑞[1] 周荣清[1] 唐文浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2010年第11期2171-2177,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：海南省国土资源厅资助项目

摘　　要：采用径流场结合人工模拟降雨方式,研究了海南岛万泉河、南渡江和昌化江三大流域土壤中氮、磷、有机质等营养物质的流失特征。结果表明,三大流域土壤径流系数和泥沙流失速率的大小顺序为:暴雨>大雨>中雨;相同雨强条件下,万泉河的径流系数与南渡江相近,昌化江最小;泥沙流失速率大小顺序为:万泉河>南渡江>昌化江;雨强对总磷(TP)流失速率的影响达到极显著水平,磷随径流流失以颗粒磷(PP)为主;氮在雨强较小时以可溶氮(DN)流失为主,当达到暴雨时则以颗粒氮(PN)流失为主;雨强越大,地表径流中COD、TN、DN和PN流失速率越高。三大流域区土壤养分随泥沙流失特征相似,不同雨强条件下,三大流域的总氮、总磷和有机质流失速率的规律一致,雨强越大,流失速率越高;在同一雨强条件下,三流域区总氮、总磷和有机质随泥沙流失速率为:昌化江>万泉河>南渡江。影响面源流失的主要因素为坡度、雨强、土质等。The runoff characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollutants have drawn much attention from both domestic and overseas.Due to the absence of non-point source research in Hainan,the paper focused on nutrient loss,such as nitrogen（N）,phosphorus（P）and organic matte（rOM）,of tropical soils in three typical rivers：Wanquan river,Changhuajiang river and Nandujiang river in Hainan by using artificial sumulated rainfall together with runoff field methods,aiming at revealing the contribution of agricultural non-point source pollution to river water pollution.The results showed that,as for the soil runoff of soil erosion ratio the order was rainstormheavy rainmoderate rain.Under the same rain intensity,the runoff coefficient of Wanquan river was similar to that of Nadujiang river,Changhuajiang river was smallest;the soil erosion ratio of Wanquan river was largest,Changhuajiang river was smallest.Particulate phosphorus（PP）was the main form of nutrient loss under runoff erosion.However,dissolved nitrogen（DN）was main form of soil nitrogen runoff under smaller rainfall intensity,particulate nitrogen（PN）was the main form in heavy rain.The stronger the rain was,the higher the erosion ratio of chemical oxygen demand（COD）,total nitrogen（TN）,DN and PN was.The erosion features of soil nutrient which was carried by soils in three river basins were similar,so was the erosion ratio of N,P and organic matter.Slope,rainfall intensity and soil characteristics contributed to the losses of agricultural non-point source pollutants.

关 键 词：模拟降雨 海南岛三大河流 农业面源污染 土壤 流失速率 特征 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]