用团头鲂精子诱导红白锦鲤雌核发育研究  

Induction of Gynogenesis in Cyprinus carpio L. by Heterologous Sperms of Megalobrama amblycephala

作　　者：梁拥军[1,2] 孙向军[1,2] 史东杰[1,2] 苏建通[1,2] 杨璞[1,2] 孙砚胜[1,2] 张欣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市水产科学研究所 [2]国家淡水渔业工程技术研究中心(北京),北京100068

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第29期16262-16265,16270,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z080005032508019);北京市农林科学院所级优秀科技创新团队培养基金

摘　　要：[目的]研究用团头鲂（Megalobrama amblycephala）精子诱导红白锦鲤（Cyprinus carpioL.）雌核发育。[方法]用紫外线灭活的团头鲂精子刺激性成熟的红白锦鲤卵子,进行雌核发育,并采用热休克方法诱导染色体加倍。[结果]成功获得了红白锦鲤雌核发育二倍体鱼苗28尾。诱导红白锦鲤雌核发育的最佳条件为：团头鲂精子采用紫外线照射20min后,在孵化水温20~22℃条件下,与红白锦鲤卵子授精后3min进行热休克处理,41℃水温下持续处理2min,此时雌核发育率最高（1.78%）。形态学比较表明,单倍体与雌核发育F1代二倍体和正常二倍体在发育过程中存在明显差异,从肌节开始沉积大量黑色素,胚体扭曲严重,呈＂C＂型;而雌核发育二倍体与正常二倍体对照组相比,在体长、体高、体色和卵黄囊长等方面都极为相似。[结论]该研究为进一步探讨红白锦鲤色素遗传机制及定向培育优良新品种奠定了基础。[Objective]The aim was to study the induction of gynogenesis in Cyprinus carpio L.by heterologous sperms of Megalobrama amblycephala.[Method]The Cyprinus carpio L.eggs were activated by UV-irradiated Megalobrama amblycephala sperm to have ggnogenesis,chromosome doubling was made on the induction of gynogenesis in Cyprinus carpio L.by heat shock.[Result]The experiment could obtain 28 gynogenetic diploid fries,the optimum method for gynogenesis were 20 min UV-irradiation on Megalobrama amblycephala sperm,under the incubation temperature of 20-22 ℃,heat shock started 3 min after fertilizaation and continued for 2 min in 41 ℃ freshwater,and then the maximal gynogenesis rate might each 1.78%.Morphological comparison showed that there were significant differences among haploid,gynogenesis diploid and common dipmightloid embryos.The haploid embryos exhibited distinctive feature swith a lot of melain forming from the sarcomereard distorted embryo that looked like ＂C＂.Nevertheless,gynogenesis diploid embryos were similar to common diploid embryos in some parameters,such as body length,body height,body color and yolk sac length.[Conclusion]The experiment laid foundation for the further study of pigment genetic mechanism and oriented cultivation of new excellent Cyprinus carpio L.varieties.

关 键 词：红白锦鲤 团头鲂 雌核发育 二倍体 热休克 

分 类 号：S961.22[农业科学—水产养殖]