四川省小凉山地区已婚妇女生育节育现状的调查分析  

Fertility and birth control rates of married women in Minor Liangshan Region of Sichuan Province

作　　者：周波[1] 孙冲[1] 周文秀[1] 陈喜慧[1] 何长久[1] 郭菁[2] 胡澜[3] 

机构地区：[1]川北医学院医学影像学系,四川南充637007 [2]重庆医科大学附属第一医院神经内科,重庆4000162 [3]川北医学院学报编辑部,四川南充637007

出　　处：《第三军医大学学报》2010年第21期2343-2346,共4页Journal of Third Military Medical University

摘　　要：目的了解四川省小凉山地区已婚妇女生育节育现状,比较彝、汉两族已婚妇女生育节育现状。方法 2009年在四川省乐山市峨边彝族自治县3个镇（大堡镇、黑竹沟镇、新林镇）和4个乡（哈曲乡、金岩乡、杨村乡、万平乡）中随机选取24个村进行调查。入户调查648名已婚妇女（452户）的生育与节育状况。本次调查的已婚妇女平均年龄42.7（15~95）岁,中位年龄40岁。结果≤35岁、36~49岁、50~63岁和≥64岁4个年龄段妇女的生育率（人均已生育次数）分别为（彝族/汉族）：1.64/1.41,3.14/1.96,3.48/2.77,4.44/4.83。绝育术（输卵管、输精管结扎）现用率为（彝族/汉族）：0.6%/2.7%,8.8%/34.5%,15.9%/48.3%,4.9%/43.5%。宫内节育器（intrauterine device,IUD）的现用率为（彝族/汉族）：49.7%/58.7%,71.5%/40.5%,36.4%/36.7%,29.3%/13.0%。结论四川省小凉山地区彝、汉两族已婚育龄期妇女平均生育次数高于2000年全国水平。在36岁以上,IUD使用率随已婚妇女年龄递减而呈显著递增趋势,为目前彝、汉两族育龄期妇女的首选节育措施。IUD使用率差别不大而绝育术使用率则是汉族明显高于彝族（≤35岁组除外）。Objective To investigate the fertility and birth control rates of married women in minor Liangshan region of Sichuan Province,and compare them between Yi and Han married women.Methods Twenty-four villages were randomly selected for investigation from 3 towns（Dabao Town,Heizhugou Town,Xinlin Town）and 4 townships（Haqu Township,Jinyan Township,Yangchun Township,Wanping Township）of Ebian Yi Autonomous County in Leshan City of Sichuan Province.Fertility and birth control rates of 648 married women from 452 households were investigated.Their average age was 42.7 years（ranging from 15 to 95 years）with a median age of 40 years.Results The average number of children delivered by per Yi/Han woman at the age of ≤35 years,36 to 49 years,50 to 63 years and ≥64 years was 1.64/1.41,3.14/1.96,3.48/2.77,4.44/4.83,respectively.The sterilization rate（ligation of fallopian tubes and vasoligation）was 0.6%/2.7%,8.8%/34.5%,15.9%/48.3% and 4.9%/43.5%,respectively,for Yi/Han women and men.The intrauterine device（IUD）placement rate was 49.7%/58.7%,71.5%/40.5%,36.4%/36.7% and 29.3%/13.0%,respectively,for Yi/Han women.Conclusion The average fertility rate of married Yi/Han women at the reproductive age（≤49 years）in Ebian Yi Autonomous County of Sichuan Province is higher than the national fertility rate in 2000.The IUD usage rate increases with the decreasing age of married women.IUD is the first choice of married Yi and Han women for birth control at present.The usage rate of IUD is no significant difference between Yi and Han women,but the sterilization rate is significant higher in Han people than in Yi people（except for those with their age ≤35 years）.

关 键 词：彝族 汉族 已婚妇女 生育 避孕节育 现用率 

分 类 号：R169.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R195.1