基于土地生态位模型的王东沟流域农用地变化过程分析  

Analysis of Agricultural Land Change Process in Wangdonggou Watershed Based on Land Niche Model

作　　者：夏自兰[1] 王继军 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院国家水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态经济（学术版）》2010年第2期2-4,17,共4页Ecological Economy

基　　金：中科院重大项目"耕地保育与持续高效现代农业试点工程"(KSCX-YW-09-07);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"黄土高原水土流失综合防治技术研究"(2006BAD09B10)

摘　　要：以生态位理论为基础的土地利用数量生态位(宽度)及其扩充压缩度模型不仅能很好地测度土地生态系统各要素的变化态势、方向和速度,而且能清晰地反映系统整体的演替与发展规律。运用此模型,分析了王东沟流域1986～2007年农用地土地利用变化过程。结果表明:(1)农地利用类型之间生态位态势差减少,农地系统多样性增加,农地利用结构更加合理。(2)农地利用变化主要表现为耕地与园地之间以及林地与牧草地之间生态位的竞争,其中耕地向园地的持续流转是农地利用变化最明显的方面。(3)农地生态系统经过20年的动态演变,目前处于稳定阶段,但耕地与园地的矛盾使系统潜伏着危机。最后,结合这些变化,提出了今后流域土地经营和管理方面的建议。The models of quantity and degree of expansion or compression of niche（breadth） in land use can not only well measure the change of situation,direction and speed of each element in land ecosystem,but also clearly reflect the law of succession and development of the whole system.In this paper,the process of agricultural land-use change in Wangdonggou Watershed from 1986 to 2007 was analysed based on these models.The results showed that：First,the potential difference of niche situation was decreased,the diversity of agricultural land system was increased and the agricultural land use structure was more reasonable.Second,the agricultural land-use change was manifested mainly in the competition of niche between cultivated land and garden land and the competition between forest land and grass land.The lasting convertion from cultivated land to garden land was the most obvious aspect of the agricultural land-use chang.Third,the agricultural land ecosystem,after 20 years＇dynamic evolution,was now in stabilization stage.However,there was some latent crises in the system because of the confliction between cultivated land and garden land.Finally,the paper make some suggestions on land management of the watershed based on the foregoing changes.

关 键 词：生态位 生态位(宽度)模型 扩充压缩度 农用地 王东沟流域 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] F062.2