冰川棘豆化学成分系统预试及生物碱成分薄层色谱分析  

Systematic pre-experiment on chemical composition of Oxyropis glacialis and alkaloids analyse

作　　者：四朗玉珍[1,2] 赵宝玉[1] 冯苗苗[1] 王占新[1] 童德文[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西藏自治区农科院畜牧兽医研究所,西藏拉萨850009

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2010年第11期11-15,共5页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;NCET-07-0701

摘　　要：本试验采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对冰川棘豆地上部分全草的化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明冰川棘豆含有生物碱、氨基酸和蛋白质、有机酸、酚类和鞣质、多糖及甙类、皂甙、甾体、香豆素、萜类以及蒽醌类。不含挥发油、黄酮体、氰甙和脂肪族硝基化合物;5 000 g冰川棘豆干草粉经醇类溶剂提取得总浸膏312.0 g,再经酸化、碱化处理,收集碱水液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分段萃取,分别得氯仿部分0.5 g,乙酸乙酯部分5.4 g,正丁醇部分52.0 g,初步表明冰川棘豆生物碱主要集中在正丁醇提取部分,以强极性生物碱为主;各部分生物碱提取物经薄层层析分析,结果表明氯仿部分至少有9种生物碱,乙酸乙酯部分至少有11种,正丁醇部分至少有4种。经与苦马豆素标准样品对照,证明三部分提取物均含有苦马豆素。The chemical components of Oxyropis glacialis were determined by using phytochemistry composition preliminary systematic test, alkaloids systematic extract method and TLC in the present study. The results showed that Oxyropis glacialis contained alkaloid, amine acid and protein, organic acid, phenols and tannin, polysaecharide, glycoside, saponin, sterides, coumarin, Terpenes and Anthraquinones, but no essential oil, flavone, cyanogenetic glycoside, or aliphatic nitro compound. Plant materials （5 000 g） was extracted by industrial al- cohol through hot reflux and total extract （312. 0 g） was obtained after recovering the solvent. The extraetum was dissolved in acid and adjusted to alkalinity, and then extracted by chloroform, acetic ether and n-butanol by turns. Three extracted fractions were concentrated to dryness, obtained extractum 0. 5 g, 5.4 g, 52. 0 g, and it indicated that the alkaloids of Oxyropis glacialis mainly localized in n-butanol aliquot in which was macro-alkaloids. Each extracted fractions was determined by TLC, it was shown kinds of alkaloids in extractum from chloroform, acetic ether and n-butanol were 9, 11 and 4 at least. Extracted fraction compared with nominal sample, confirmed that extracted fraction contained swainsonine.

关 键 词：冰川棘豆 生物碱 苦马豆素 

分 类 号：S859.8[农业科学—临床兽医学]