不同毛沟布置方式下农田次降雨氮素流失特性分析  

Characteristics of nitrogen loss from field ditches with different densities under single rainfall event

作　　者：张展羽[1,2] 袁自瑛[1,2] 孔莉莉[1,2] 夏继红[1,2] 朱晓峰 

机构地区：[1]河海大学南方地区高效灌排与农业水土环境教育部重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [3]北京市水务局,北京100038

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第10期51-55,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200701025);国家自然科学基金(50839002)

摘　　要：为了研究田间工程对农田氮素随径流流失的影响,该文通过设置不同排水毛沟布置方式下农田对比试验,观测研究了农田出口的降雨径流特征以及氮素流失特征,结果表明:与毛沟布置多的处理相比,毛沟布置少的处理径流对雨强变化敏感度相对较小,其径流峰值滞后,且高峰径流量持续时间长,但总氮输出负荷减少7.44%;2个处理之间铵态氮和硝态氮的流失量均差异显著;在径流初始及峰值阶段铵态氮占总氮的比例显著高于径流消减阶段,硝态氮的比例全过程变化不大;硝态氮、铵态氮、总氮的输出负荷与径流量呈线性正相关。研究表明:汇水面积小,毛沟布置多的处理减少农田涝渍效果明显,而汇水面积大,毛沟布置少的处理能有效降低总氮的输出负荷。In order to investigate the influence of field engineering on the nitrogen loss with runoff,the farmland comparative experiments,with different field ditche densities,were designed,and rainfall-runoff and nitrogen loss characteristics were studied.The results showed that compared to the treatment having more field ditches,the runoff sensitivity affected by the rainfall intensity with the treatment having less ditches was weaker,and the runoff peak lagged behind and the larger runoff lasted a longer time,the losses of total nitrogen reduced by 7.44%.Nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen losses were significant different between the two treatments.In early and peak stages of runoff process,ammonia nitrogen had a bigger proportion to total nitrogen than that at decline stage,while nitrate nitrogen＇s proportion had little change in the whole process.The loss of nitrogen loading was linearly related to the runoff.The field with more field ditches reduced water logging obviously,while the field with less field ditches reduced more total nitrogen losses.

关 键 词：雨量 径流 氮 排水 降雨 毛沟 

分 类 号：S276[农业科学—农业水土工程]