羊、鸭、兔粪厌氧消化产沼气潜力与特性  

Biogas production potential and characteristics of manure of sheep,duck and rabbit under anaerobic digestion

作　　者：宋立[1] 邓良伟[1] 尹勇 蒲小东[1] 王智勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部沼气科学研究所,成都610041 [2]四川省农村能源办公室,成都610041

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2010年第10期277-282,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAJ04B02);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BADC4B15)

摘　　要：为弄清羊、鸭、兔粪便厌氧消化产沼气潜力及特性,试验以各新鲜粪便为发酵原料,以自行培养的厌氧污泥为接种物,在(35±1)℃、(25±1)℃和常温(9～19℃)条件下进行了批式厌氧消化试验,研究了各粪便厌氧消化的产气速率与产气量、酸碱度变化、消化料液COD及NH4+-N的去除效率。试验结果显示:(35±1)℃时各原料总固体(TS)产气率为:羊粪0.273m3/kg,鸭粪0.441m3/kg,兔粪0.210m3/kg;(25±1)℃(羊粪为(27±2)℃)时为:羊粪0.206m3/kg,鸭粪0.359m3/kg,兔粪0.174m3/kg;常温时鸭粪为0.082m3/kg,兔粪为0.098m3/kg。各粪便(35±1)℃消化前30d产气量占总产气量的比例为:羊粪83.3%,鸭粪89.7%,兔粪91.4%;(25±1)℃(羊粪为(27±2)℃)消化前30d产气量占总产气量的比例为:羊粪74.4%,鸭粪64.5%,兔粪84.8%。对比猪、鸡、牛粪厌氧消化产气潜力,(35±1)℃发酵条件下6种粪便的原料总固体产气率表现为:鸡粪>鸭粪>猪粪>牛粪>羊粪>兔粪。各粪便发酵启动时加入质量分数为30%的厌氧污泥,厌氧消化过程中均能实现酸碱度自平衡。厌氧消化对各粪便COD有明显的去除效果,对NH4+-N无去除效果。In order to investigate the biogas production potential of sheep manure,duck manure and rabbit manure for anaerobic digestion and their characteristics,taking the three kinds of manure as the digestion material and the self-culture anaerobic sludge as the inoculation substances,under three different temperatures of（35±1）℃,（25±1）℃ and normal temperature（9-19℃）,the experiments of anaerobic digestion of sequencing batch reactor were conducted.The biogas production rate,biogas yield,variations of pH value and variations of methane concentration with different pH,and the removal efficiency of COD and NH4＋-N of wastewater of three kinds of manure were studied.The results showed that at（35±1）℃,biogas production potential of material（TS） was 0.273 m^3/kg for sheep manure,0.441 m^3/kg for duck manure,and 0.210 m^3/kg for rabbit manure.At（25±1）℃,biogas production potential（TS） of material was 0.206 m^3/kg for sheep manure,0.359 m^3/kg for duck manure,and 0.174 m^3/kg for rabbit manure.At normal temperature,biogas production potential of material（TS） was 0.082 m^3/kg for duck manure,and 0.098 m^3/kg for rabbit manure.Three kinds of feedstocks could achieve pH self-balancing at startup of anaerobic fermentation fed with adequate anaerobic sludge.Anaerobic digestion could evidently remove COD of three kinds of manure,but it could not decrease NH4＋-N.

关 键 词：厌氧消化 粪便 沼气 产气速率 化学需氧量 氨氮 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]