新疆绿洲农田土壤-棉花系统9种矿质元素生物循环特征  

Biocycling of nine mineral elements of soil-cotton system in Xinjiang oasis

作　　者：韩春丽[1] 刘娟[1] 张旺锋[1] 刘梅[2] 黄皖疆[3] 高旭梅[1] 张宏芝[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团农一师3团农业技术推广中心,阿克苏843011 [3]新疆生产建设兵团农一师1团农业技术推广中心,阿克苏843008

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第22期6234-6241,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家973计划前期研究专项课题(2006CB708401)

摘　　要：在新疆绿洲区,对不同连作棉田土壤中9种矿质元素含量、棉花植株的吸收和富集特性以及棉田养分收支量等进行分析,研究了农田土壤-棉花系统矿质元素的生物循环特征。结果表明:棉田土壤中微量元素和大量元素均有一定程度的贫化趋势,以Mo的耗竭最为严重。棉株不同器官累积矿质元素的能力有明显差异,叶片中Ca、Mg和Mn的含量较高,根、茎中K、Na、Fe、Mo含量较高,棉籽中Zn和Cu含量最高;不同产品器官对矿质元素的吸收和富集能力不同,秸秆为:Mo>K>Mg>Ca>Cu>Zn>Na>Mn>Fe,纤维:Mo>K>Mg>Zn>Cu>Ca>Na>Mn>Fe,棉籽:Mo>Zn>K>Mg>Cu>Ca>Mn>Na>Fe。棉花对Mo的吸收能力最强,长期连作导致土壤中Mo耗竭较为严重;随籽棉的收获,从棉田移出Zn、Cu的比例和数量较高,大量元素中移出Mg、K较多;棉花对Mn、Fe、Ca、Na的吸收量虽然较多,然而大部分富集在秸秆中,随着棉花秸秆的还田作用,将归还于耕作层并有大量富集,消耗量不大。新疆棉花长期单一种植,应重点补充Mo、Zn和Cu微量元素肥料,酌情补充Mg、K等大量元素肥料。棉田Ca、Na含量较新疆土壤背景低,预示着棉田土壤在向着脱盐碱方向发展,然而两元素在秸秆中的比例较高,因此棉花长期连作农田,应注意防止耕作层土壤向次生盐碱化方向发展。We analyzed the contents of nine mineral elements in soil, the characteristics of absorption and accumulation of the mineral elements in cotton plants, and input-output quantity of the mineral elements in different continuous cropping cotton fields, and the object of this study was to explore the characteristics of biological cycling of mineral elements in soilcotton system. The results showed that microelements and macroelements in soil of the cotton fields had leanness trend, especially Mo. Different organs of cotton plants had different ability to accumulate mineral elements. The higher contents of Ca, Mg and Mn in the leaves and K, Na, Fe and Mo in the roots and stems, and the highest contents of Zn and Cu in the cotton seeds were observed in the study. Different crop organs had different absorption and accumulation ability to mineral elements. The patterns of the absorption and accumulation ability of straw, Fibre, and cotton seed were Mo 〉 K 〉 Mg 〉 Ca 〉Cu〉Zn〉Na〉Mn〉Fe, Mo〉K〉Mg〉Zn〉Cu〉Ca〉Na〉Mn〉Fe,and Mo〉Zn〉K〉Mg〉Cu〉Ca〉Mn〉Na〉 Fe, respectively. The strong deleption of Mo in soil is caused by a long-term continuous cropping, and therefore cotton plants have the strongest absorption ability to Mo. Because cotton seeds are harvested, quantities and ratio of Zn and Cu have output much more, and thus Mg and K, as macroelements, also have higher output in the cotton fields. Cotton plants absorb a lot of Mn, Fe, Ca and Na, but they are most accumulated in the straws. When straws are turned to soil, the mineral elements in soil will be rich in the cotton fields. Cotton is solid-plantings for the long term in XinJiang, and therefore, it is often necessary to add some matures, which are rich in microelements, such as Mo,Zn and Cu and macroelements, such as Mg and K, to the soil. The contents of Ca and Na in Xinjiang background soil is higher than those in cotton soil. This indicates that cotton soil is developed to less salinization. However, the ratios of Ca and Na are highe

关 键 词：新疆绿洲 土壤 棉花 矿质元素 生物循环 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S154