含铅、无铅汽油车尾气排出物遗传毒性比较  

Comparison on Genotoxiocity of Two Vehicle Exhausts Using Leaded and Unleaded Gasoline

作　　者：袁东[1] 叶舜华[1] 周伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海医科大学,上海200032

出　　处：《上海环境科学》1999年第7期328-330,327,共4页Shanghai Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金 编号 39670623

摘　　要：利用台架试验模拟汽车行驶工况,收集了发动机使用无铅汽油、含铅汽油燃烧后的尾气颗粒物,对其中吸附的有机物进行了提取,并以Ames试验、中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)体外微核实验等方法,从基因、染色体水平检测了两种颗粒提取物的遗传毒性。结果表明,无铅汽油能显著地减少尾气颗粒物的排放,但两种汽油尾气均能诱导鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的回复突变及CHL细胞微核率的升高,呈现一定的剂量—反应关系。比较两种汽油尾气颗粒提取物的毒性,发现单位重量的颗粒物,遗传毒性无显著差别。Two kinds of gasoline (leaded and unleaded) have been tested on Engine Dynamometer, the total paniculate matter of exhausts were collected, and from which the organic substances were extracted. By using Ames test and micronucleus assay in CHL cells, genotoxicity of two kinds of extracted organic substances were determined from the end points of gene and chromosome, the results showed that unleaded gasoline has the potential of reducing emission of particles, but both kinds of extract could increase the number of histidine-independent colonies in salmonells/ microsomal test and induce micronuclei in CHL cells, and also dose-response relationship were found. As the same particles were being tested, there were no significant differences in genotoxicity between two kinds of extracts.

关 键 词：汽车尾气 含铅汽油 无铅泊油 AMES试验 遗传毒性 

分 类 号：X511.031[环境科学与工程—环境工程]