一种生态化鲍育苗和养成模式的构建  

Establishment of an ecological mode for abalone aquaculture

作　　者：李文静[1] 严正凛[1] 

机构地区：[1]集美大学水产学院,集美大学水产生物技术研究所,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《南方水产》2010年第6期54-59,共6页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：福建省教育厅科技项目(JA10189);福建省海洋与渔业局科技重点项目“鲍种质改良优化及生态养殖工程技术”(闽海渔合同[2008]2-6号)

摘　　要：该研究目的是建立一套鲍育苗和养殖的生态化模式,包括鲍苗种生态培育模式、鲍陆基生态养成模式和海上鲍藻套养生态养成模式,以克服目前鲍养殖业存在的病害频发、成活率低下等问题,提高鲍养殖的经济效益,降低养殖风险。鲍苗种生态培育模式通过"光照-微藻-微生态制剂-滤食性动物-鲍苗"构建复合生物体系;鲍陆基生态养成模式通过池内建立"复合生物区系",并在池外设立生态塘和生态渠进行养殖废水处理的方式构建;海上生态养成模式通过"鲍藻套养"构建。共培育鲍苗5批次,培育周期210～240d,共产出鲍苗17.764×104个,平均壳长1.5cm以上,育成率0.78%～1.23%。陆基生态化模式养成商品鲍43.774×104个,平均壳长6.53cm,平均体质量34.6g,成活率87.5%,周期18～20个月。海上鲍生态养成150口网箱,养成商品鲍3×108个,平均壳长6.50cm以上,成活率85%以上,养成时间18～20个月。We established an ecological mode for abalone aquaculture including ecological breeding of juvenile abalone,land-based ecological breeding of adult abalone and raft co-culture of abalone and macrophyte,to solve the problems of current abalone aquaculture such as frequent disease occurrence and low survival,as well as to increase economic benefit and reduce risk of culture.For ecological breeding of juvenile abalone,we used illumination,micro-alga,probiotics,filter-feeding animals and abalone larvae to establish a complex biosystem;for land-based ecological breeding of adult abalone,in addition to a complex biosystem,ecological pond and watercourse were set up outside the tanks for effluent water treatment;for the raft co-culture of abalone and macrophyte,we put the net cages in the traditional macrophyte planting sea area to keep the water quality.Totally 17.764×104 juvenile abalones were bred in 5 experimental batches for 210～240 d（average shell length：over 1.5 cm;survival：0.78%～1.23%）.437 740 adult abalones were bred in 18～20-month land-based ecological breeding（average shell length：6.53 cm;average body weight：34.6 g：survival：87.5%）.As for the 18～20-month raft co-culture of abalone and macrophyte,3×108 adult abalones were bred（average shell length：6.5 cm;survival：over 85%）.

关 键 词：鲍 生态育苗 陆基生态养成 海上鲍藻套养 

分 类 号：S968.3[农业科学—水产养殖]