海洋碳汇研究进展及南海碳汇渔业发展方向探讨  

Review on marine carbon sink and development of carbon sink fisheries in South China Sea

作　　者：李纯厚[1] 齐占会[1] 黄洪辉[1] 刘永[1] 孔啸兰[1] 肖雅元[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海水养殖生态与质量安全重点开放实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300

出　　处：《南方水产》2010年第6期81-86,共6页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：广东省重大科技计划项目(2009B030600002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)资助项目(2007ZD07);广东省科技计划项目(200636502003,2006B60202026,2007A032600004);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项项目(A200899J01)

摘　　要：二氧化碳(CO2)是温室气体的主要成分,近代工业化的迅速发展导致碳的排放量不断增长,自2005年2月16日《京都议定书》正式生效以来,节能减排、碳"源"、碳"汇"等概念越来越受到关注。海洋占地球面积的70%以上,是最大的"碳库",约占全球碳总量的93%,约为大气的50倍。海洋的固碳机制主要包括碳酸盐体系驱动的"溶解度泵"和浮游生物驱动的"生物泵"过程,这些过程对大气CO2的浓度和全球碳循环的系统过程都有重要的影响。同时,近海由于受人类活动的显著影响,尤其是近岸的渔业活动,对碳循环和海洋增汇有着重要的影响。文章对主要的碳源和碳汇以及海洋固碳机制研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了南海碳汇渔业发展的重点研究方向。Carbon dioxide（CO2）,a main component of greenhouse gases,whose discharge is continually increasing with the development of modern industrialization.More and more attention has been drawn to the ＂energy-saving＂,＂ejection-decreasing＂,carbon source and carbon sink,as the Kyoto Protocol came into force on Feb 16,2005.The ocean,which covers more than 70% of the earth,is the biggest carbon sink,accounting for 93% of the total carbon in the earth,50 times as that of atmosphere.The processes of solubility pump（SP） and biological pump（BP） driven by carbonate systems or planktons are important carbon fixation mechanisms in ocean.The concentration and global circulation of CO2 are significantly affected by these processes.The coastal waters are significantly influenced by human activities,especially the mariculture activities greatly affect the coastal carbon cycling and carbon sink capacity.This paper reviews the carbon source,carbon sink and ocean-carbon-fixation mechanisms,and discusses the development of carbon sink fisheries in South China Sea.

关 键 词：碳汇 碳源 固碳 碳汇渔业 南海 

分 类 号：F307.4[经济管理—产业经济]