河北省潜在蒸发量计算与变化趋势分析  

Calculation of Potential Evaporation in Hebei and Its Changing Trend Analysis

作　　者：张可慧[1] 刘剑锋[1] 刘芳圆[1] 肖嗣荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省科学院地理科学研究所,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2010年第6期75-78,共4页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：河北省科学院科技计划项目(10115;09927;07108);河北省科技厅计划项目(09276722)

摘　　要：选取积温法、蒸发皿蒸发量估算法及彭曼—蒙特斯(Penman-Monteith,P-M)公式法对河北省潜在蒸发量进行估算,通过与大型蒸发池实测蒸发量比较分析,表明P-M公式法能较准确地估算河北省的潜在蒸发量。对P-M公式法所得的潜在蒸发量序列进行变化趋势分析,结果表明:河北省年潜在蒸发量呈波动下降趋势,1960s达到最大,其后并没有随升温继续增大,相反呈明显下降趋势;各季节潜在蒸发量也呈下降趋势,其中夏季潜在蒸发量与年值的变化趋势一致,且降幅较大,每10年减少8.61 mm,秋、春季次之,每10年分别减少2.47 mm、3.32 mm,冬季变化较平缓,每10年减少约0.13 mm,并对其原因进行了分析。空间分布上,河北省大部分地区均为减少趋势,减少速率最大的区域主要分布在河北东南部平原的东部,而只有丰宁、蔚县等个别站潜在蒸发量呈微弱上升趋势。The potential evaporation is a measure of the evaporation capacity of the atmosphere. Hebei Province has very poor water resources and dry and warm weather. The study of the changing trend of the potential evaporation with time and space in this area is of great importance to have proper utilization of water resources, and to shed light on the change of climate. In this work, the accumulative temperature method, the evaporation recording by evaporating dishes, and the Penman-Monteith formalism has been used to estimated the potential evaporation,which are the three methods among the most widely used ones these days. The comparison of results using these methods with the actual measured result by large-scale evaporating pool suggests that the Penman-Monteith method could reasonably predict the potential evaporation in Hebei. The reason of this is then briefly discussed. The potential evaporation in the whole province is calculated based on the Penman-Monteith method. It is found that the annual potential evaporation in Hebei has a trend to decrease overall with small fluctuations. It reached the maximum in 1960s,and decreased thereafter,instead of increasing with the continuing increasing temperature. The seasonal potential evaporations have also a trend to decrease over years. The change in summer potential evaporation is in good agreement with the annual change,with the largest decreasing magnitude of 8.61 mm per decade,while the change in spring and autumn potential evaporation is next to it,with a value of 3.32 mm and 2.47 mm per decade, respectively. The change in winter potential evaporation is the lease with a value of 0.13 mm per decade. Regarding the area distribution,most of the area has a decreasing trend and the east of the southeast plain in Hebei has the largest decreasing rate. Only a few stations,like Fengning and Yuxian have slight increase in the evaporation.

关 键 词：潜在蒸发量 变化趋势 时空特征 河北省 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]