包膜尿素氮素释放特性及其采用接触式施肥对春玉米生长的影响  

Nitrogen release characteristics of coated urea and its effect on spring maize with touching application

作　　者：谷佳林[1,2] 王崇旺 李玉泉[4] 衣文平[1] 李亚星[1] 杨宜斌[1] 徐秋明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [3]北京市昌平区土肥站,北京102200 [4]北京市昌平区农业技术推广站,北京102200

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第6期1486-1491,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：北京市科委新型肥料产业化科技保障建设项目(D0706004000091);北京市农科院青年基金项目(2007020414);北京市优秀人才培养项目(20071D020500055);北京市科委基于创新型乡镇建设的农业新技术研究与示范项目(Z080005032508024)资助

摘　　要：通过静态水溶法、土培法,研究了高分子聚合物包膜尿素的氮素释放特性,并采取一次性接触式施肥方式研究了该肥料对春玉米出苗率、产量、氮素利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,由于肥料所处环境条件的不同,静态水溶法聚合物包膜尿素氮素养分溶出速度快于田间埋袋法测定值。包膜尿素以等氮量和减量30%采取一次性接触式施肥的方式时春玉米的出苗率、产量和收益与普通尿素当地习惯施肥无显著差异,其产量分别达到了13295、12166 kg/hm2;氮素利用效率和氮素农学效率显著提高,分别达到了44.8%、59.1%和27.2 kg/kg、29.9kg/kg。以高分子聚合物包膜尿素替代普通尿素,一次性接触式基施的施肥方式替代基肥加追肥是可行的,能达到省工、节肥、增效的目的。In this experiment,the nitrogen release characteristics of macromolecule polymer coated urea（PCU） were studied by water extraction and soil incubation methods.At the same time,the trials were conducted to investigate the effects of touching single basal application of PCU on rate of sprout,yield of maize,nitrogen utilization efficiency,and economic benefit.The results show that the rate of PCU nutrient released in water is faster than that of PCU buried in field for different environmental condition.There are no significant difference in rate of sprout,yield and economy profit among the treatments of coated urea（PCU180 and PCU126） which nitrogen application rates are 100% and 70% of custom dose and treatment of common urea with custom dose.The treatments of PCU180 and PCU126 could significantly improve apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency which can reach to 44.8 % and 59.1% respectively,and the agronomy efficiency can reach to 27.2 and 29.9 kg/kg,respectively.The yields of PCU180 and PCU126 are 13295 and 12166 kg/ha respectively.Therefore,it can be speculated that PCU can be used in touching placement way with by single basal application to maize production system,that help to change twice fertilization（basal and dressing） to one fertilization（basal）,and thus benefit to labor-saving,fertilizer-saving and profit-increasing.

关 键 词：包膜尿素 接触施肥 春玉米 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]