陇东旱地果园覆沙对苹果树蒸腾耗水及果实品质的影响  

Effects of sand-covering on apple trees transpiration and fruit quality in dry land orchards of Longdong,Gansu

作　　者：张坤[1] 尹小宁[1] 刘小勇[1] 王发林[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第11期2755-2762,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"苹果优质安全生产与加工关键技术研究"(2007BAD52B03)资助

摘　　要：针对甘肃陇东旱地苹果园季节性干旱问题,以15年生长富2号苹果树为试材,测定果园覆沙后土壤水分、温度,以及果树主干液流速率、叶片气孔导度、果实品质等指标.结果表明:果园覆盖5cm厚河沙,2—4月地温升高幅度低于1℃,6、7月晴天地温升高2.44℃,阴天地温升高2.61℃;在果树生长季节土壤含水量始终保持在田间持水量的60%以上.土壤含水量较高的时期(H期)晴天,树干液流曲线呈"几"字形宽峰曲线,覆沙处理液流启动时间较对照提前0.6h,峰值较对照高25.5%,阴天峰值较对照高165.6%,且液流活动时间延长;土壤含水量较低的时期(L期)晴天,覆沙处理液流呈单峰曲线,启动时间较对照提前0.5～1h,峰值在794g·h-1左右,而阴天液流启动时间较对照提前近1h,峰值较对照高311.0%.3—7月对照的棵间蒸发量(Es)较覆沙处理高156.0%,过多的地面蒸发是造成果树缺水的主要原因.覆沙后果实单果质量显著提高,果实硬度略有降低,果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、总糖、有机酸含量均有所提高.Aiming at the seasonal drought in the dry land orchards of Longdong,Gansu Province,a sand-covering experiment was conducted with 15-year-old Nagafu No.2 apple trees,with the soil water content,temperature,stem sap flow velocity,leaf stomatal conductance,and fruit quality measured.In the orchard covered with 5-cm-thick riversand,the increment of soil temperature in February-April was lower than 1 ℃,while in June-July,it was 2.44 ℃ and 2.61 ℃ on sunny and cloudy days,respectively.The soil water content was over 60% of field capacity throughout the growing season.On sunny days with high soil water content（H season）,the stem sap flow curve presented a wide peak.Under sand-covering,the sap flow started 0.6 h earlier,and the maximum sap flow velocity was 25.5% higher than the control.On cloudy days of H season,the maximum sap flow velocity was 165.6% higher than the control.On sunny days with low soil water content（L season）,the sap flow curve had a single peak,and under sand covering,the sap flow started 0.5-1 h earlier than the control on sunny days.The maximum sap flow velocity was 794 g·h-1.On cloudy days of L season,the sap flow started 1 h earlier,and the maximum sap flow velocity was 311.0% higher than the control.The evaporation of the control was 156.0% higher than that of sand-covering from March to July,suggesting that excessive ground water evaporation was the main reason to cause soil drought.Under sand-covering,single fruit mass was improved obviously whereas fruit firmness was reduced slightly,and soluble solids,vitamin C,total sugar,and organic acid contents were somewhat promoted.

关 键 词：旱地 苹果园 覆沙 液流速率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]