北洛河上游生态建设的水沙调控效应  

Regulation effects of runoff and sediment of ecological conservation in the upper reaches of Beiluo River

作　　者：秦伟[1,2] 朱清科[2] 刘广全 张岩[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100048 [2]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048

出　　处：《水利学报》2010年第11期1325-1332,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD03A03);国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"项目)(2007CB407205);水利部公益性行业科研专项(200901047);中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(泥集1008)

摘　　要：采用双累积曲线法和Mann-Kendall检验法,确定了1980—2004年北洛河上游流域的径流、输沙变化趋势和时段,并结合不同时段的气候特征和生态建设资料,分析了流域水沙变化的驱动因素。在此基础上,利用双累积曲线法、径流输沙系数还原法和统计系列对比法计算了生态建设的水沙调控效应。结果表明:(1)1980—2004年间,北洛河上游流域径流量和输沙量的变化可划分为1980—1994年、1995—2000年和2001—2004年3个阶段。其中,2001—2004年为生态建设的水沙调控效应期;(2)以1980-1994年为基准期,2001—2004年间,在年均降雨量、年均侵蚀降雨量和年均降雨侵蚀力分别增加14.0%、25.2%和46.1%的气候背景下,由于生态建设的水沙调控作用,流域年均径流量和年均输沙量分别减少2432.5万m3/a和2009.1万t/a;(3)排除气候因素的影响,生态建设4年间累计减少流域径流13808.0万m3、减少流域输沙14250.8万t,实现减水、减沙效应分别为31.11%和65.14%。流域尺度内,生态建设的减水、减沙能力分别达4.7万m3(/km2·a)和4.8万t(/km2·a)。The double cumulative curve method and Mann-Kendall method were used to study the change trend and stage of runoff and sediment of the upper reaches of the Beiluo River form 1980 to 2004. The driving factors for variations of runoff and sediment were analyzed according to the climate characteristics and ecological construction conditions of each stage. On this basis, runoff-reducing effects and sediment-reducing effects of ecological construction in the upper Beiluo River basin were calculated by the double cumulative curve method, runoff/sediment coefficient method and time series contrasting method. The results show that： （1） the variation of runoff and sediment could be divided into three periods, i.e., 1980-1994, 1995-2000 and 2001-2004, among them, the effective period of ecological construction is from 2001 to 2004; （2） the annual average rainfall, annual average erosive rainfall and annual average rainfall erosivity increased 14.0%, 25.2% and 46.1% respectively from 1970 to 2000, compared with the reference period from 1980 to 1994. Simultaneously, the annual average runoff and annual average sediment reduced by 24.33 million m^3/a and 20.09 million t/a; （3） regardless of climate factors, the total reductions of runoff and sediment by ecological construction are 138.08 million m^3 and 142.51 million t, respectively. The run- off-reducing effect reaches to 31.11% and the sediment-reducing effect get to 65.14%. The average capacities of control water and soil loss of ecological construction are about 0.047 million m^3/（km^2·a） and 0.048 million t/（km^2·a）, respectively.

关 键 词：生态建设 水沙调控 北洛河 黄土高原 

分 类 号：TV141[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]